cardiovascular system

• Functions of blood


  • Transport gases
  • Transport nutrients
  • Transport waste
  • Transport processed molecules
  • Regulation of pH and osmosis
  • Maintenance of body temp
  • Protection against foreign substances
  • Clot formation

  
• Plasma


  55% of total blood, pale yellow liquid that surrounds cells, 91% water, 7% protein, 2% other

  
• Formed elements of blood

  • Erythrocytes (RBC)
  • Leukocytes (WBC)
  • Thrombocytes (platelets)

  
• Plasma proteins


  • Albumin (58% of plasma protein, maintains water balance)
  • Globulins (38% of plasma protein, immune system)
  • Fibrinogen (4% of plasma protein, aids in clot formation)

  
• Hematopoiesis


  Produces formed elements from stem cells

  
• Erythrocytes (RBC)


  • Disk-shaped with thick edges, lose nucleus, live for 120 days
  • Transport O2 to tissues

  
• Hemoglobin


  Main component of erythrocytes, transports O2 by binding to heme with iron atom

  
• Production of erythrocytes


  1. Decrease in blood O2 increases erythropoietin

  2. Stimulates red bone marrow

  
• Old erythrocytes and hemoglobin are removed from the blood

  
• Components of blood


  • Erythrocytes (RBC)
  • Leukocytes (WBC)
  • Platelets

  
• Circulation of blood


  • Pulmonary (right to left)
  • Systemic (left to right)
• Myocardial infarction


  Death
• Major arteries


  • Carotid (head)
  • Subclavian (arm)
  • Renal (abdomen)
• Blood flow


  Artery -> Capillary -> Vein
• Systolic pressure


  Increased by squeezing of blood by aortic semilunar valve
• Diastolic pressure


  Decreased by closing of aortic semilunar valve
• Sympathetic nervous system


  Constricts blood vessels, increases cardiac output
• Parasympathetic nervous system


  Constricts arterioles, decreases blood pressure
• Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg
• ACE inhibitor drugs


  Decrease the action of angiotensin, lower blood pressure
• Hypertension is high blood pressure