Alcohols

Created by

Yassin

Cards (18)

What are the 2 methods from making ethanol?
Fermentation
Hydration of ethene
What are the conditions for hydration of ethene?
React with steam
300 degrees Celsius
6000 kPa ( 60 atm)
Phosphoric acid catalyst
What is a biofuel?
fuel made from biological resources
What are the conditions for the fermentation of glucose to ethanol?
No oxygen
25-40 degrees Celsius
Compared to hydration, what are the advantages of fermentation of ethanol?
Uses a renewable source
Cheaper equipment
Lower temperatures and pressures
Compared to fermentation what are the advantages of hydration?
Faster rate of reaction
Continuous not batch process
Ethanol produced is purer
higher percentage economy
Define carbon neutral?
No overall carbon dioxide emission into atmosphere
What are the 2 ways in which alcohols can be dehydrated into alkenes?
Reaction with excess hot concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst
or
Aluminium Oxide catalyst
What can primary alcohols be oxidised into?
aldehydes
What are aldehydes oxidised into?
Carboxylic acids
What are secondary alcohols oxidised into?
ketones
What is the oxidising agent used to oxidise alcohols into aldehydes and ketones?
Acidified potassium dichromate
What colour does the potassium dichromate change from and to?
Orange to green
What technique is used when alcohols are being oxidised into ethanoic acid?
reflux
What are the 2 tests used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones?
Tollens reagent
Fehling solution
What is tollens reagent?
solution of silver nitrate in aqueous ammonia
Describe how to carry out the silver mirror test and describe positive result?
Warm solution with tollens reagent
If aldehydes present metallic silver deposits form on the inside of test tube
If ketones no change
Describe the Fehlings test and positive result?
Warm solution with blue Fehlings solution
If aldehydes present a brick red precipitate forms
if ketones present then no change