Databases

• Online database


  A collection of an organized records, stored and accessed electronically through an Internet
• Online databases


  • Online data storage service
  • Search engine and library database
• Online data storage service


  A virtual storage that lets users, organizations and business owners' upload their data across Internet channels to a remote data network
• Online data storage service providers


  • Microsoft OneDrive
  • FileCloud
  • Box.com
• Search engine and library database

  Web Search engine run by Google that indexes scholarly literature like peer-reviewed journals, academic books, conference papers, and more
• Search engine and library database

  • Google Scholar
  • JSTOR
• Other uses of databases

  • Social media platforms
  • E-Commerce websites
  • E-Mail services
• Database examples in real life

  • Airlines reservation systems
  • E-Hailing applications
  • Hotels booking systems
  • Online learning platforms
  • Human Resources Management Systems (HRMS)
• Educational database


  A database provided by an academic institution to its users, to search for journal articles, book chapters and reports
• Educational databases


  • IIUM library
  • University of Malaya Library
• Boolean search


  A search technique that uses operators such as AND, OR, and NOT to narrow down or broaden search results
• Boolean search operators


  • AND
  • OR
  • NOT
• Boolean search modifiers


  • Quotation marks
  • Parentheses
  • Asterisk
• Search engines use natural language searching, which refers to regular speaking language
• Boolean searching uses database language
• Boolean searching helps find search results faster and with more precision
• Anyone can publish on the Internet, and the published online article may not be reviewed by trusted authorities
• Search engine results are retrieved based on the page's content, not the relevancy or quality of the page
• Much information on the Web is not updated regularly
• CRAAP


  An acronym for the general categories of criteria that can be used to evaluate information found on the Web
• False information/news leads to 'false judgement' or fitnah, and can ruin the credibility of the person involved and also the person who spread it
• False information can also be harmful to mental health
• Surah Al-Hujurat, 6th Ayath: 'O believers, if an evildoer brings you any news, verify ˹it˺ so you do not harm people unknowingly'
• Anyone can publish on the Internet
• The published online article may not being reviewed by the trusted authorities
• Content Evaluation - Continuous


  Why web sources should be evaluated
• Results are retrieved by search engines based on the page's content, not the relevancy or quality of the page
• Content Evaluation


  CRAAP is an acronym for the general categories of criteria that can be used to evaluate information you find on the Web
• Why Care About False Information?

  False information/news leads to 'false judgement' or fitnah
• Why Care About False Information?

  Ruin the credibility of the person involved and also the person who spread it
• Why Care About False Information?

  It can also harmful to mental health
• Surah Al-Hujurat, 6th Ayath: 'O believers, if an evildoer brings you any news, verify ˹it˺ so you do not harm people unknowingly, becoming regretful for what you have done.'
• Ibn al-Haytham who is considered by many to be the first scientist wrote, "The duty of the man who investigates the writings of scientists, if learning the truth is his goal, is to make himself an enemy of all that he reads, and... attack it from every side," he wrote. "He should also suspect himself as he performs his critical examination of it, so that he may avoid falling into either prejudice or leniency."
• Basically Ibn al-Haytham's message is, don't just take his writings and explanations at face value but verify it. Critical thinking and a demand for proof was a prevalent aspect of Muslim practice.
• Data Licensing


  Involves defining and regulating the terms under which data can be used, shared, and distributed. It specifies the rights and responsibilities of both the data provider and the data user.
• Key Elements of Data Licensing

  • Purpose of Data Use
  • Data Security
  • Ownership and Control
  • Data De-identification
  • Duration of Agreement
  • Compliance with Laws
  • Data Sharing Restrictions
• Citation


  Tells the reader where the information is coming from. Reader can find more reference based on the citation given. Citing gives credit to the people whose words or works are being used. Citing also protects us from plagiarizing.
• When to Cite?


  • When paraphrasing, summarizing or quoting information that is not from author's own idea/word
  • Cite all media (images, maps, music, film, video, charts, graphs) that are taken from others' work
  • Cite all data and statistics that authors' did not generate themselves
• Types of Citation


  • APA - American Psychological Association
  • MLA - Modern Language Association
  • Chicago - Documentation style published by the Chicago University Press
  • AMA - American Medical Association
• Plagiarism refers to using others' people work/idea without permission.