education

• Pre 1870s Education


  Education was only available to MC children and those who attend church schools
• 1880


  Compulsory Education Act
• issue with Compulsory Education Act

  unequal learning

  MC learning academic curriculum and WC learning basic skills
• 1944


  Butler Act
• butler act


  founded tripartite system using 11+ to allocate pupils

  
  

  into Grammer or secondary modern and technical
• criticism of butler act

  Bourdieu:tripartite system favour MC due to access to cultural capital
• 1965


  Comprehensive school system

  ->abolished the tripartite system
• fucntionalist perspective of Comprehensive school system

  promotes social integration and meritocratic system (as all have an equal chance)
• Marxist perspective of Comprehensive school system


  still results in streaming and labelling leading to inequality
• 1988


  Education Reform Act (Thatcher)

  -> promoted consumer choice and competition between schools
• David


  Parentocracy marketisation promotes choice and standards for parents to pick from
• Policies that causes marketisation of education (5)

  +Business sponcer schools

  +Open enrolment

  +Formula funding

  +OFSTED

  +Tuition fees
• Cola-risation


  Ball

  schools consume branding e.g vending machines and cadburys sports equipment
• Bartlett


  Cream skimming and silt shifting
• Cream skimming


  schools are selective and pick high achieving MC as they are likely to succeed
• Silt shifting


  avoid taking less able to avoid bad results
• Ball


  Myth of meritocracy

  
  

  Cola-risation

  
  

  Source of profit for capitalists
• Myth of meritocracy


  marketisation only benefits MC as parents have cultural and economic capital to succeed

  
  

  WC often base choice solely on convenience
• New labour governments effect on education (3)

  +Education Action Zone

  +Educational Maintenance Allowance:

  +Reduce class sizes
• Education Action Zones


  giving extra resources to disadvantaged schools to aid attainment
• Educational Maintenance Allowance


  payment to low income kids to encourage they to stay in 16+ school
• Benn


  New Labour Paradox: social policies contradict one another

  Educational Maintenance Allowance but increased uni fees
• coalition government effect on education (4)

  +Cut education budget under austerity

  +Pupil Premium 2011:

  +Free school meals for 4-7 yr olds

  +abolished Educational Maintenance Allowance
• Ball: education become a source of profit for capitalists


  Education Service Industry (ESI) made of private firms provide supply teachers, buildings and OFSTED style inspections
• evidence of privatisation of education

  +source of profit for capitalism

  +Blurs pubic and private boundaries

  +education is a commodity
• Chubb and Moe


  state education should get funding based on its results and quality of education
• Ball: privatisation


  education is a commodity to be bought and sold (firms invest and remove investment, parents withdraw children to put in a better school)
• Durkheims view of education (2)

  education creates a shared culture passed down through generation

  
  

  school replicates society to ready children for the wider world
• Parsons (2)


  Education is a Focal Socialising agency (bridge between childhood and wider society)

  
  

  particularistic standards and universalistic standards
• particularistic standards and universalistic standards

  particularistic: status ascribed due to family

  
  

  universalistic: status achieved through meritocracy
• Davis and Moore(2)


  Role Allocation: education sifts and sorts assess pupils on ability rewarding highest achievers with the highest reward

  
  

  equality is essential to ensure this occurs
• 3 functionalist sociologists


  Davis ad Moore, Durkheim and Parsons
• Education attainment gap


  41% of pupils eligible for free school meals achieved grade 4
• 3 marxist sociologists


  Bowls and Gintis, Althusser and Willis
• Althusser


  Ideological and repressive state apparatus control individuals causing WC to accept there position
• Bowles and Gintis


  correspondence principle

  Hidden curriculum

  Myth of meritocracy
• Correspondence principle


  Bowls and Gintis

  
  

  education mirrors the workplace with strict rules, hierarchy and uniform making them into an obedient workforce
• Hidden curriculum


  Bowls and Gintis

  informal teaching in schools intended to socialise children to accept societal norms
• Myth of meritocracy


  Bowls and Gintis

  education makes use believe everyone has equal chances in life and ignores power of nepotism and money
• Willis


  Learning to labour: WC accept labels from school and create anti school subcultures