theme B

• ROLE OF PRIME MINISTER 


  act as a spokesperson in times of crisis and emergency (covid 19)
• ROLE OF GOVERNMENT MINISTERS


  • advising the prime minister on current situations in the department which they work
• 2 main differences between HOC and HOL

  commons is comprised of MPS who have been elected to their post . members of the lords haven't faced electorate to gain their positions .
• 2 DIFFERENCES BETTWEEN HOC AND HOL

  members of the commons may lose their seat at an election . lords don't lose their seats its for life unless they resign
• FPTP VOTING SYSTEM 


  a system of simple plurality the person who has one more vote in their constituency than their nearest rival is the winner
• FPTP


  to vote a person has to place an X by the candidate of their choice
• FPTP


  seen as a simple and straightforward to operate - produces results quickly- tends to favour the large parties
• REFERENDUMS


  may not be precise in outcomes with small majority and may turn into a personal or popularity contest and lose sight of the real concern
• REFERENDUMS


  are precise in finding out what the people want on certain issues
• REFERENDUMS 


  On major issues it helps politicians and parliament make a choice
• REFERENDUMS


  enlivens political debate and interest - its a form of direct democracy
• ROLE OF A WHIP

  ensures all members of the same political party vote together
• ROYAL ASSENT 


  when monarch signs a bill which becomes an act of parliament
• the uk is a

  representative democracy
• the uk constitution has changed since 1997


  HOL has undergone reform- establishment of Supreme Court- human rights act has passed law in the uk.
• BACK BENCH MPS 


  aren't part of the government
• front bench mps 


  those with ministerial positions - who are spokesperson for their party - so sit at the front
• the speaker of the HOC


  keeps order- calls MPS to speak- suspend MPS if they Disobey house rules
• UNCODIFIED CONSTITUTIONS


  common law- conventions- uk legistaltion
• UNCODIFIED CONSTITUTIONS


  from a NUMBER of sources- has NOT been formally written down in one document
• CONVENTIONS


  practices which have developed over time and regulate how government is run
• uncodified constitutions 


  laws being subject to change could affect the rights citizens are entitled to - citizens may not clearly understand the constitution. ITS FLEXIBLE and urgent legislation can be passed quickly in response to new issues in society
• HUSTINGS 


  meeting at which candidates in an election speak to voters
• representative democracy 


  a form of democracy in which people elect a representative to make decisions for them
• closed list system 


  a form of PR in which a party puts forward a list of candidates in the order they will be elected
• PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION


  number of seats a party wins is roughly proportional to its shares of the votes in an election
• proportional representation 


  no votes are wasted- difficult to stand as an independent candidate
• MEPS = 73


  meps are elected by closed list systems
• factors that affect peoples decisions on which party they vote for - SOCIAL CLASS- RELIGION-AGE-ETHNICITY
• OPPOSITION


  political parties that aren't in power
• shadow cabinet 


  MPS from opposition parties who shadow MPS who head major government departments.
• cabinets are in charge of

  treasury - runs finances. home office - protecting public. foreign and common wealth affairs office - responsible for the UKS interests abroad.
• JUDICARY 


  makes judgement about the law and is made up of judges and magistrates in court
• LEGISLATOR


  makes laws and is made up of HOC and HOL
• Secretary of State 


  an MP who is in charge of a government department - ( health or defence etc)
• in law making there is also the

  amendment stage where both houses changes are reconciled . this is where differences are resolved
• THE FINAL STAGE is the royal assent 


  this is where the monarch signs the bill for it to become law
• NEW LAWS ARE CREATED

  in response to media or pressure group actions - to act on their election promise to implement new laws promised in their manifesto
• HOC- 


  DEBATES BILLS
• HOL


  scrutinises bills