plant nutrition salma

• what is the symbol + word equation for photosynthesis🌿

  - 6H2O + 6CO2 ➡️ C6H12O6 + 6O2

  - water + carbon dioxide ➡️
• what do plants use photosynthesis for?🌿

  - to produce glucose for respiration
• where do plants get energy from?🌵

  - the sun
• which parts of the plant undergo photosynthesis?🌿

  - the "green" parts because they contain chlorophyll (in the chloroplasts)
• how do plants store glucose?🌵

  - starch
• what do plants need to photosynthesise?🌿

  - chlorophyll

  - magnesium ions (they make chlorophyll)

  - water

  - sunlight

  - hear (optimum temp for enzymes)
• what is the boiling point of ethanol?🌵

  - 78*C
• what is the limiting factor?🌵

  - any factor that slows down or stops the rate of a reaction if it's too low
• what is rate measure in?🌵

  - output
• what are the (most common) limiting factors of photosynthesis?🌵


  - carbon dioxide

  - light intensity (they have pigments on the surface of the leaves to protect them from the sun... it absorbs light (anthocyanin)

  - temperature (enzymes denature if it's too hot/cold)
• what happens if you increase the amount of one limiting factor?🌱

  - the rate of photosynthesis will increase, but only up to a certain value(as it is no longer the limiting factor)
• what is the job of the palisade cells?🌱

  - to photosynthesise

  - they are rectangular (they can tesselate well meaning more can fit per unit of space)

  - they are full of chloroplasts

  - they make up the palisade mesophyll layer

  - dark green
• what is the job of the upper epidermis?🌱

  - it is transparent

  - allows light to pass through to the palisade mesophyll layer
• what is the job of the waxy cuticle?🌿

  - prevents water loss
• what is the job of the spongy mesophyll?🌿

  - allows for carbon dioxide and oxygen to be exchanged

  - carbon dioxide enters through the stomata and diffuses through the palisade cells
• what are the stomata?🌿

  - small openings on a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move in and out of the
• what are the guard cells?🌱


  - cells that open and close the stomata
• what is the percentage of CO2 in the air?🌱

  0.03%
• how to investigate the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis?🌱

  - pondweed in a boiling tube full of water and sodium hydrogen carbonate (so CO2 isn't the limiting factor)

  - move the light away at equal intervals

  - record the number of bubbles released per minute

  - the bubbles released is O2 (product of photosynthesis)
• what happens if the stomata are left open?🌱

  - the plant will dry out
• how do test if a plant has been photosynthesising🌿

  - starch test it with iodine (plants store glucose as starch)

  - first, place it in a tube of boiling water to remove the waxy cuticle

  - add some ethanol (to bleach the leaf so you can observe the blue black colouring that the iodine will give the leaf IF starch is present)

  - remove the leaf and rinse it in warm water

  - add iodine
• what is the compensation point?🌿

  - when the two reactions are happening at the same rate
• what colour does hydrogen carbonate solution turn in high CO2 concentration 🌵

  - yellow
• what pH does hydrogen carbonate solution turn at atmospheric CO2🌵

  - orange
• what pH does hydrogen carbonate solution turn at low CO2 concentration🌵

  - purple
• why is co2 acidic when dissolved in hydrogen carbonate solution?🌱

  - it turns into carbonic acid
• why is the balance between photosynthesis and respiration important for life on this planet?🌵

  - this is to ensure that CO2 and O2 levels remain constant

  - all living things need O2 to respire

  - CO2 is needed for photosynthesis

  - CO2 is bad for the planet, as it traps heat energy from the sun, meaning that the earth heats up
• what are nitrate ions needed for?🌱

  - contains nitrogen which is needed for amino acids (which make up proteins) which are needed for cell growth

  - if the plant is deficient, growth will be stunted
• what are magnesium ions needed for?🌱

  - they make chlorophyll, which absorbs light from the sun for photosynthesis (which happens in the CHLOROPLASTS)

  - if the plant is deficient, the leaves will turn yellow