key bio blood questions

Cards (15)

  • describe how white blood cells are used by the body to defend against infection
    white blood cells can use a process called phagocytosis where a type of white blood cell (a phagocyte) destroys pathogens by engulfing them. Another type of white blood cell is a lymphocyte where it produces antibodies which bind onto the antigens of a pathogen, destroying them. They can also release antitoxins which neutralises the toxins. Both types of blood cells produce memory cells which help your body recognise the antigens from an infection so the next time you get it, the immune system is faster
  • state 2 changes in the blood in the lungs
    it removes carbon dioxide, and it adds oxygen (making blood become oxygenated)
  • why does our heart rate increase when frightened
    because we release a hormone called adrenaline which makes our body go into a state of fight or flight
  • how can we tell if an investigation is reliable
    if we repeat the investigation multiple times on different people
  • how do red blood cells having flexible cell membranes allowing them to change shape easily help cells transport oxygen efficiently
    they change shape so they can squeeze through the capillaries ensuring oxygen reaches every tissue
  • how can an increase in red blood cells help an athlete during a race
    as atheletes are running at high altitudes they will be producing more red blood cells to compensate. an increase in number of red blood cells can help an athlete during a race as it will provide them with more oxygen and their muscles will recieve more oxygen too which will enhance their performance
  • what is the route taken by the oxygenated blood from the lungs on its way to the muscles
    pulmonary vein ->left atrium->left ventricle->aorta
  • what is the product formed when oxygen combines with the chemical from the lungs
    oxyhaemoglobin
  • what are 2 ways in which blood in the pulmonary artery differs from blood in the pulmonary vein
    blood in pulmonary artery is deoxygenated blood while blood in pulmonary vein is oxygenated blood / blood in pulmonary artery has more carbon dioxide and higher pressure than pulmonary vein which has less carbon dioxide and a lower pressure
  • arteries carry
    oxygenated blood (except for pulmonary artery)
  • veins carry
    deoxygenated blood (except for pulmonary vein)
  • what is the job of the left muscular wall
    to pump oxygenated blood to the rest of the body through the aorta
  • what is one reason why the wall of an aorta is thicker than the wall of the vena cava
    aorta is an artery which has a thick muscular wall in order to withstand the high pressure while the vena cava is a vein which has thin walls due to the low pressure
  • which structure contains blood travelling to the heart
    vena cava
  • how does a valve work
    as blood passes through the atrium into the ventricles the valve in between closes so blood doesnt flow backwards into the left atrium. they ensure that blood is flowing in the right direction