Urinary System

• Functions of urinary system

  • Produce, store, and excrete urine
  • Regulate blood volume
  • Regulate ion levels
  • Regulate acid-base balance
  • Regulate RBC production
• Nephron


  Structural unit of kidney

  • Series of tubes where filtration of the blood occurs, decides what to keep/get rid of
• Renal corpuscle 


  2 parts:

  1. Glomerulus
  2. Glomerular capsule
• Glomerulus 


  Tons of capillaries together (permeable)
• Glomerular capsule


  Collect filtrate out of blood coming from the glomerulus
• Proximal convoluted tubule 


  Close to the trunk
• Distal convoluted tubule


  Farther away from trunk
• Where does the flow of blood arrive?

  Afferent arteriole
• Where does flow of blood exit?

  Efferent arteriole
• Collecting duct


  Contains final urine product to be excreted
• Glomerular Capsule 


  collects filtrate from the glomerulus
• Nephron loop


  Portion of the renal tubule that projects into the renal medulla
• Glomerulus


  A thick tangle of capillaries where filtration occurs
• Vasa recta


  Capillaries that surround the nephron loop
• Kidney - Pathway of filtrate/urine

  1. Renal papilla
  2. Minor calyx
  3. Major calyx
  4. Renal pelvis
  5. ureters
• Pathway of blood - kidneys

  1. Renal artery
  2. Segmental artery (goes towards pyramid)
  3. Interlobar artery
  4. Arcuate artery
  5. Interlobular artery
  6. Afferent arteriole
  7. Glomerulus
  8. Efferent arteriole
  9. Peritubular capillaries or vasa recta
  10. Interlobular vein
  11. Arcuate vein
  12. Interlobar vein
  13. Renal vein
• Internal urethral sphincter has what type of muscle?

  smooth muscle
• External urethral sphincter has what type of muscle?

  Skeletal muscle