rogers

• Rogers


  His preference was to be a helper of people and NOT a constructor of theories
• Formative tendency


  Tendency for all matter, both organic and inorganic, to evolve from simpler to more complex forms
• actualizing tendency


  Tendency within humans (and other animals and plants) to move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials
• actualizing tendency


  Because each person operates as one complete organism, actualization involves the whole person.
• actualizing tendency


  Tendencies to MAINTAIN and to ENHANCE the organism are subsumed within the actualizing tendency. (Maintenance and Enhancement)
• actualizing tendency


  not limited to humans. Just as plants need conditions to grow, a human's actualization tendency is realized only under certain conditions as well.
• actualizing tendency


  people must be involved in a relationship with a partner who is CONGRUENT, or AUTHENTIC, and who demonstrates EMPATHY and UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD.
• Thus, these 3 conditions are both NECESSARY and SUFFICIENT conditions for becoming a fully funtioning or self-actualizing person.

  people must be involved in a relationship with a partner who is CONGRUENT, or AUTHENTIC, and who demonstrates EMPATHY and UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD.
• self-concept


  all those aspects of one’s being and one’s experience that are perceived in awareness by the individual
• Self-concept and ideal-self


  2 sub-systems
• Self-concept


  NOT identical with organismic self
• Psychologically healthy individuals perceive little discrepancy between their self-concept and what they ideally would like to be.
• ideal self


  one’s view of self as one wishes to be.
• ideal self


  contains all those attributes, usually positive, that people aspire to possess
• ideal self


  Psychologically healthy individuals perceive little discrepancy between their self-concept and what they ideally would like to be.
• incongruence


  an unhealthy personality marked by a wide gap between the ideal self and the self-concept.
• ignored or denied


  some events that are experienced below the threshold of awareness
• awareness


  the symbolic representation of some portion of our experience.
• He used the term synonymously with both consciousness and symbolization.
• Accurately symbolized


  experiences that are freely admitted to the self-structure and consistent with the existing self-concept
• distorted


  reshaping of experiences that are not consistent with our view of self
• Contact is the minimum experience necessary for becoming a person.
• Positive regard


  need to be loved, liked, or accepted by another person
• positive self-regard


  experience of prizing or valuing one’s self
• conditions of worth

  Perception that parents, peers, or partners love and accept them ONLY if they meet those people’s expectations and approval
• incongruence


  Failure to recognize our organismic experiences as self-experiences
• incongruence


  Happens when people do not accurately symbolize organismic experiences into awareness because they appear INCONSISTENT with the emerging self- concept
• incongruence


  Vulnerability, Anxiety and Threat
• Happens when people do not accurately symbolize organismic experiences into awareness because they appear INCONSISTENT with the emerging self- concept
• defensiveness


  Protection of the self-concept against anxiety and threat by the DENIAL or DISTORTION of experiences inconsistent with it.
• Protection of the self-concept against anxiety and threat by the DENIAL or DISTORTION of experiences inconsistent with it.
• disorganization


  When the incongruence between people’s perceived self and their organismic experience is either too obvious or occurs too suddenly to be denied or distorted, their behavior becomes
• congruence


  To be real or genuine, to be whole or integrated, to be what one truly is
• congruent therapists 


  wear no masks, do not attempt to fake a pleasant façade, and avoid any pretense of friendliness and affections when these emotions are not truly felt.
• congruence


  involves feelings, awareness, and expression
• unconditional positive regard 


  Therapists accept and prize their clients without any restrictions or reservations
• unconditional positive regard 


  Therapists do not evaluate clients, nor do they accept one action and reject another.
• unconditional positive regard


  “experiencing a warm, positive and accepting attitude toward what is the client”
• empathic listening 


  Therapist accurately sense the feelings of their clients
• empathic listening


  “temporarily living in the other’s life, moving about in it delicately without making judgments”