Reproductive System

• Both systems have primary sex organs called gonads.
• Gonads

  • Ovaries in for egg production
  • Testes in for sperm production
• Gonads produce sex cells called gametes.
• Gametes

  • Oocytes = eggs
  • Sperm
  • Both systems have ducts to transport gametes from gonads to site of fertilization (where gametes fuse)
• Gametes have half the number of chromosomes.
• Spermatogenesis is the process of making and maturing sperm.
• Spermatogenesis

  1. Mitosis of spermatogonia
  2. Spermatogonium
  3. Primary spermatocytes (2 identical cells)
  4. Meiosis
  5. Primary spermatocyte
  6. 2 secondary spermatocytes
  7. 4 spermatids
  8. Spermiogenesis
  9. Spermatids
  10. Spermatozoa (sperm)

  
• What is spermatogonia?


  Male germs cells that are the precursors of spermatozoa. Full set of 46 chromosomes.
• Germ cells


  Produce sperm
• Sustentacular cell


  Support cell
• Testes

  1. Seminiferous tubule
  2. Development of sperm. Meiosis
  3. 2. Body of epididymis
  4. B. Produce/store sperm
• Sperm pathway


  Seminiferous tubules —> Epididymis —> Vas deferens —> ampulla —> (seminal vesicles) —> ejaculatory duct —> (prostate gland) —> prostatic urethra —> membraneous urethra —>(bulbourethral glands) —> spongy urethra —> external urethral meatus
• Scrotum 


  Skin surrounding the testes
• What’s type of muscles is in the testes and what is it’s function?

  Skeletal muscle (connective tissue)

  • Protection
  • Regulate temperature for sperm
• Oogenesis is the production of oocytes (eggs)
• Oogenesis

  1. Mitosis of oogonia
  2. Oogonium
  3. Primary oocyte in primordial follicle (like a nest, to develop and support oocytes in follicle)
  4. Meiosis
  5. Primary oocyte
  6. Secondary oocyte and polar body (1 out of 4 becomes oocyte)
  7. Ovulation
  8. Secondary oocyte released form follicle
  9. Ovum (if penetrated by sperm)
  10. Follicle becomes degenerating corpus lutem

  
• Follicle Developmeant

  1. Primordial follicle - single cell layer and primary oocyte
  2. Primary follicle - single layer and primary oocyte with zona pellucida
  3. Secondary follicle - many layers and primary oocyte
  4. Antral /vesicular follicle - many layers and primary oocyte and antrum (filled with fluid)
  5. Mature follicle - secondary oocyte, large antrum (only one a month)
  6. Corpus lutem - (after ovulation) secretes progesterone and estrogen
  7. Corpus albicans - breakdown
• Uterine tubes

  • Infundibulum
  • Ampulla
  • Isthmus
  • Uterine part
• What’s is infundibulum?


  Funnel-shaped lateral margin of the tube with fimbriae
• What is ampulla? 


  Where fertilization typically occurs
• What is isthmus?


  One third of entire length of uterine tube
• What is uterine part?

  Continuous with the uterus
• Vagina

  • Thin-walled tube
  • Birth canal
  • Passageway for menstrual flow
  • Organ of copulation

  
• Uterus

  • Site of implantation
  • Supports and protects the developing embryo/fetus
  • Ejects the fetus during labor

  
• Egg producing external genitalia

  3 holes:

  1. Urethral opening = where urine exits the body
  2. Vaginal orfice = opening to the vagina
  3. Anus = where fecal material is excreted
• Reproductive system homologous


  Same development

  • Ovary, testis
  • produces gametes and sex hormones.
  • Clitoris, glans of penis
  • Contains erectile tissue and stimulates sexual arousal and climax
  • Labia minora, body of penis
  • Contain erectile tissue that stimulates sexual arousal and climax
  • Labia majora, scrotum
  • Protect and cover some reproductive structures
  • Greater vestibular gland, bulbourethral gland
  • Secretes mucin for lubrication
• What is homologous to ovary (female organ)?

  Testis
• What is homologous to clitoris (female organ)?

  Glans of penis
• What is homologous to labia minora (female organ)?

  Body of penis
• What is homologous to labia majora (female organ)?

  scrotum
• What is homologous to greater vestibular gland (female organ)?

  Bulbourethral gland
• What is homologous to testis (male organ)?

  Ovary
• What is homologous to glans of penis (male organ)?

  Clitoris
• What is homologous to body of penis (male organ)?

  Labia minora
• What is homologous to scrotum (male organ)?

  labia majora
• What is homologous to bulbourethral gland (male organ)?

  greater vestibular gland