Observational Learning

• How can a coach use Observational Learning?

  Can use the ability to copy behaviour to their advantage by using strategies to ensure that the demonstrations and role models used to show skills during practice are successfully copied by the players
• Bandura's four processes for a performer to copy a model demonstration

  1. Attention

  2. Retention

  3. Motor Production

  4. Motivation
• Attention

  • Making sure the performer takes note of the relevant cues
  • The more attractive the 'demo' is to the player, the more likely it is to be copied
  • Grab the attention of the performer by selling your demonstration - point out its function or the reason why you are asking them to learn it
  • Make sure any information you give is loud and clear
  • The demonstration should be accurate and always correct
• Retention

  • The ability to remember important information and recall it from the memory system
  • Make sure the performer is able to recall the demonstration in the memory by breaking any information given into 'chunks' and repeating it
  • Make sure the demonstration is accurate and clear
  • The use of a role model or an expert player in the group may ensure an accurate demonstration is given
• Motor Production

  • Ensures the player can physically copy the demonstration
  • Set easy tasks to begin with, and then increase the complexity
  • The player should be given time to practice and learn well before moving on to the next part of the task
• Motivation

  • The drive needed to copy the demonstration
  • Motivate the learner by giving praise and rewards, or offering positive feedback and positive reinforcement
• Conditions for model demonstrations and behaviours to be more likely copied

  • Close to appropriate social norms
  • Performed by a player of similar ability
  • They are reinforced
  • They are powerful, visually and physically
  • They are consistent
  • They are relevant