Lipids

• triglyceride

  not water soluble

  1 glycerol molecule

  3 fatty acid chains

  therefore there are 3 ester bonds
• phospholipids

  hydrophobic tail

  hydrophilic head

  form a bilayer

  1 glycerol

  2 fatty acids

  1 phosphate group
• triglycerides as energy storage

  highly reduced hydrocarbon chain can be oxidised to release energy through bond breaking

  more carbon - hydrogen bonds per gram than carbs

  no osmotic effect as they are hydrophobic
• TG as insulation

  part of the myelin sheath

  increase nervous transmission speed by insulation

  example: whale blubber
• TG as buoyancy

  as it is hydrophobic it is also insoluble so it will not let water in and will form a layer on the surface of water

  example: bird feathers
• PL properties

  amphipathic -> both hydrophobic and hydrophillic properties

  creates a barrier to water (also provides fluidity)

  it is soluble -> heads can form hydrogen bonds with water allowing it to compartmentalize
• cholesterol

  increases close packing of the membrane

  increases rigidity

  decreases fluidity

  binds to tails
• contains only hydrogen carbon and oxygen

  cholesterol and triglycerides
• which ones are insoluble

  all of them
• lipid content of mycoprotein differ in microbes to animals

  less lipid content

  higher ratio of unsaturated to saturated
• role of cholesterol

  decrease membrane fluidity

  making bile