laboratory manual ch 14-28

Cards (489)

  • Subcutaneous tissue
    Connects the skin to the underlying structures
  • Skin
    • Plays a vital role in temperature maintenance, fluid and electrolyte balance, and synthesis of vitamin D
  • Innermost layer of epidermis
    The only layer of the skin that undergoes cell division
  • Factors that determine skin color
    • Melanin
    • Carotene
    • Volume of circulating blood
  • Dermis
    Where hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands originate from
  • Apocrine glands
    Dormant until puberty, concentrated in the areola of the breast
  • Vellus hair
    Short, pale, and fine hair that is present over much of the body
  • Primary function of hair in the nose and eyelashes
    To serve as a filter for dust
  • Nails
    Composed of keratinized epidermal cells, located on the distal phalanges of the fingers and toes
  • Squamous cell carcinoma is associated with overall amount of sun exposure
  • Domestic abuse
    Bruises around the neck and face
  • Patchy hair loss
    Symptoms of stress
  • Squamous cell carcinomas are most common on body sites with heavy sun exposure
  • African American persons are more susceptible to chronic discoid lupus erythematosus
  • Sudden generalized hair loss
    Hypothyroidism
  • There is a genetic component with skin cancer, especially malignant melanoma
  • Skin elasticity
    Related to adequate fluid intake
  • Central cyanosis
    Observed by inspecting the oral mucosa
  • Anemia in dark-skinned clients
    Skin appears ashen
  • Cyanosis in dark-skinned clients

    Skin appears pale, with blue-tinged lips and oral mucosa
  • Jaundice in dark-skinned clients
    Observed by inspecting the sclera
  • Small yellowish brown patches on hands
    Caused by aging of the skin in older adults
  • Fungal disease

    Fluorescence is blue under Wood light
  • Pressure ulcer
    Stage II - small area of skin broken, resembling an erosion
  • Skin turgor assessment
    Use two fingers to pinch the skin under the clavicle
  • Beau lines
    Indicate a recent illness
  • Early clubbing of nails
    Indicates signs and symptoms of hypoxia
  • Freckles
    Documented as macules
  • Elevated, palpable, solid mass with circumscribed border
    Documented as a plaque
  • Herpes simplex lesions

    Measure size of vesicles
  • Linear cracks in skin on both feet
    Documented as fissures
  • Elevated, irregular, reddened mass at ear after piercing
    Documented as a keloid
  • Discoid systemic lupus erythematosus
    Risk for ineffective health maintenance related to deficient knowledge of effects of sunlight on skin lesions
  • Lichenification
    Thickening of the skin characterized by accentuated skin marking--thickened, roughened skin
  • Urticaria
    Hives, pruritic wheals, often transient and allergic in origin
  • Papule
    Solid, elevated, circumscribed, superficial lesion; 1cm or less in diameter
  • Wheal
    Elevated, solid, transient lesion; often irregularly shaped; an edematous--localized edema (ex. insect bite)
  • Keloid
    Hypertrophic scar tissue; prevalent in nonwhite races
  • Nevus
    Congenital pigmented area on skin, mole or birthmark
  • Petechiae
    Tiny, flat, purple or red spots on the surface of the skin resulting from minute hemorrhaging--red or purple macules