Prelim

• 9 Natures of a Human Person

  1. Rational Being
  2. Freewill
  3. Conscience
  4. Loving Being
  5. Body
  6. Sexual
  7. Unique though social
  8. Historical
  9. Transcendental
• The human has intellect/mind/reason. They discover things by reason and are the only animal who knows that they know. They think, rationalize, reflect, and other activities of the intellect.

  rational being
• the human person is free/ has freedom, which means they have two or more options or choices, and also has the will, which is the power to act or not to act on their choices. Will is the power to do or not to do or to act or not to act.

  free will
•  is the practical judgment of the intellect on what is good or bad, prompting the person always to do/follow what is good.

  conscience
•  Aside from the love between the opposite sex, which is designed for the continuity of the human species, generally, loving means desiring the good of others.  

  loving being
•  We have a flesh (physical part), which connects us to the material world. Our bodies      (physical parts) are dependent on nature/earth. Our bodies use the elements of the planet. The death of Mother Earth will also be the death of our bodies.

   

  body
• refers to being male or female, which is intended for companionship and procreation.

  sexual
• We are individuals and need independence, but we are also social beings who live with others. These two are inseparable. We are individuals and need freedom, but we also need the presence of others to complete ourselves.   

  unique though social
•  We have a continuity with the past.  


  historical
• We always aim higher to surpass our achievements since we long for completeness or total satisfaction/contentment. This also means that the human has                  Metaphysical (meta = beyond) aspects such as intellect, emotion, conscience, and others.


  transcendental
• Some views on the ultimate end/destiny of the human person

  1. hedonism
  2. Marxism
  3. Nihilism
  4. Christian View
• For this Philosophy, the ultimate goal for the human person is Happiness, which is found in pleasure (“sarap)”. So, “kung saan ang masarap’ dun ang kasiyahan”. This pleasure is sensual.  

  hedonism
•  a philosophy that the ultimate goal of people is to have a Classless Society (no rich, no poor). This was achieved in a communistic form of government. Development or progress must always be for the common good / not individualistic.  

  marxism
• For this philosophy, the human person and their life have no ultimate meaning or value. 

  nihilism
• For Christianity, the ultimate goal/destiny for the human person is to enter the Kingdom or to have eternal union/happiness with God.         

  Christian View
• Object of Morality

  1. Human Acts
  2. Acts of Man
• these are actions that are proper to humans; thus, the crucial element of willful consent and knowledge of the action must be present.

  human acts
• are the actions that do not reflect the person as a rational being.

  acts of man
• The actions are performed without conscious deliberation or knowledge and free will.

  acts of man
• Elements in determining the Morality of Human Acts

  1. The Act
  2. Purpose of Intention
  3. Circumstance
• Kinds of Voluntary Acts

  1. Perfect
  2. Imperfect
  3. Simple
  4. Conditional
  5. Direct
  6. Indirect
  7. Actual
  8. Virtual
  9. Habitual
  10. Interpretative
• Impediments of Human Acts

  1. Ignorance
  2. Concupiscence
  3. Fear
  4. Violence
  5. Habit