Social pt 1

• Abraham Lincoln: 'Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.'

  
• The arguments of Martin Luther posted on the church door in Wittenberg.

  
• Sold by the clergy which believed that would reduce time that one's soul would have to spend in suffering.
• This Protestant group believed in predestination.
• He was the Holy Roman Emperor who declared Luther as outlaw.
• The list of books that were banned by the Church to be read.
• Bosnian Crisis
• France had a defeat by Germany
• Military Alliances


  • Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria Hungary, and Italy
  • Triple Entente – Great Britain, France, and Russia
• Franco-Prussian War
• Austria-Hungary officially annexed Bosnia. Massive Slavic uproar in the Kingdom of Serbia since thousands of Slavs lived in Bosnia.
• Russian loss proved as a weak ally thereby limiting its promise of support to the Serbian campaign for independence.
• Archduke of Austria-Hungary visited Bosnian capital city of Sarajevo. He was assassinated on June 28, 1914
• Gavrilo Princip, A Bosnian-Serb responsible for the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia, July 28, 1914
• Czar Nicholas II ordered mobilization of its army against Austria-Hungary in support of Serbia.
• Germany declared war against the Russian Czar. Schlieffen Plan was carried out to deal a two-front war, sending 75% of its troops to France marching through Belgium.
• The British as an ally of France and Russia, declared war on Germany since the plan violated the Belgium Neutrality.
• German defeat at the Battle of Marne ended the Plan. French and British troops proved resistant against the German Army.
• Both Allied and Central Powers involved a strong defense under trenches – dug-out ditches used as war shelter.
• The trenches proved deadly and for the almost next three years , almost no movement happened between camps.
• Battle of Verdun and Battle of Somme shelled out casualties that number to the hundreds of thousands without any positive results.
• At the Battle of Tannenberg, in Eastern Prussia, and at the Battle of Masurian Lakes, though having the largest army in Europe, Russia was defeated by the Germans respectively.
• Italy betrayed Austria-Hungary. Germany rescued Austria. A coalition of German-Austrian troops defeated 2.5 million Russian troops in Galicia. Russia was no longer a threat.
• Bulgaria joined the Central Powers and attacked Serbia. Serbia was eliminated from the War. Germans shifted its resources westward.
• Germans torpedoed an American tanker and sank the British passenger ship RMS Lusitania, British and American civilians died. USA protested and Germany submitted by restricting its submarine warfare.
• Germany reinstituted its submarine warfare thinking that the British would surrender and USA would remain neutral
• Woodrow Wilson asked the US Congress to declare war against Germany which was approved.
• American reinforcements were sent to Europe in support of the Allies
• At the Second Battle of Marne, German forces were defeated by USA in a tank warfare.
• Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed. Bulgaria accepted defeat, followed by the Ottoman Empire.
• Led by Social Democrats, the new German government signed the armistice agreement, a document officially ending World War I.