Trichomonas vaginalis

• What is the only well studies PATHOGENIC EXTRA-INTESTINAL flagellate?

  Trichomonas vaginalis
• Trichomonas vaginalis is MOST PREVALENT what?

  Non-viral STI
• Most STIs are caused by what?

  Virus
• Can you describe the distribution of Trichomonas vaginalis?

  Cosmopolitan 170-190 miliion
• Trichomonas vaginalis has increased cases from people with MULTIPLE SEX PARTNERS and COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS.
• Almost all Trichomonas spp. do not have what stage?

  Cyst
• Can you describe the shape of Trichomonas vaginalis?

  pyriform
• Can you describe the motility of Trichomonas vaginalis??

  Cork-screw, rapid jerky, quivering
• How many nucleus do Trichomonas vaginalis have?

  1
• How many flagella do Trichomonas vaginalis have?

  5
• How many ANTERIOR FLAGELLA do Trichomonas vaginalis have?

  4
• How many POSTERIOR FLAGELLA do Trichomonas vaginalis have?

  1
• In female, Trichomonas vaginalis reside where?

  lower genital tract
• In male, Trichomonas vaginalis reside where?

  urethra and prostate
• What is the MOT of Trichomonas vaginalis?

  Sexual intercourse
• What is the target organ of Trichomonas vaginalis?

  Urogenital tract
• What is the infective stage of Trichomonas vaginalis?

  trophozoite
• What is the diagnostic stage of Trichomonas vaginalis?

  trophozoites
• What disease do Trichomonas vaginalis causes?

  Trichomoniasis
• Trichomoniasis is also known as what?

  Pingpong's disease
• Persistent vaginitis: female
• Persistent urethritis: male
• What are the 2 types of persistent vaginalis?

  Acute and Chronic
• What color of vaginal fluid is discharged in acute persistent vaginalis?

  green or yellow
• Acute persistent vaginitis is accompanied by intense ITCHINESS and BURNING SENSATION
• What is the incubation period for acute persistent vaginalis?

  5-28 days
• Which type of persistent vaginalis has LESS PURULENT vaginal discharge?

  Chronic persistent vaginitis
• CPV has increased what?

  epithelial cells
• CPV can lead to secondary what?

  infection
• What is the most unique characteristic of Chronic Persistent Vaginalis?

  Strawberry cervix
• Persistent urethritis is mostly what?

  asymptomatic
• Which cause nocturia?

  persistent urethritis
• What is the specimen of choice of FEMALES who have Trichomonas vaginalis?

  Urine and vaginal discharges
• What is the specimen of choice of MALES who have Trichomonas vaginalis?

  urethral discharges and prostatic secretions
• What are the 2 common methods used for Trichomonas vaginalis?

  Saline preparation and stained smear
• Saline preparation is the QUICKEST and INEXPENSIVE WAY
• Saline preparation has LOW SENSITIVITY
• Stained smear reveals what?

  Trophozoites
• Give 2 stains that can be used?

  Giemsa stain and papanicolaou stain
• What is the GOLD STANDARD for diagnosing Trichomonas vaginalis?

  Culture