First and Second Exams

• Environment


  A place where different things are; such as wet or hot.
• Science 


  Defines the systematized body of knowledge that builds and organizes a lot of information in a different form of testable experiments and predictions about everything in the universe.
• It can be living (biotic) or non-living (abiotic) community, which includes three essential forces: physical, chemical, and natural.
• Environmental Science 


  is an interdisciplinary academic field in science that integrates all the physical, biological, and information to the study of the environment, and the solution to environmental problems.
• Ecology is a branch of biology concerning interactions among organisms, and their biophysical environment includes both biotic and abiotic components.
• Chemistry - The study of matter, its properties, how and why

  substances combine or separate to form other elements, and how

  elements interact with energy.
• Biodiversity - a group of different individual life that inhibit the planet Earth. That varies on their genetic component and adaptation to the

  environment.
• What is the terrestrial biodiversity composed of? 


  animals on land usually greater near the equator, which is an indicator of the warming of the climate.
• Habitat - considered an environment which is naturally occurring to a specific organism to survive.
• A species habitat is those places where the species can find

  food, shelter, protection, and mates for reproduction.

  Both physical and biological features characterize it.
• Sustainability - the ability of a system to exist at a cost, in a universe that evolves in a state of entropy toward the thermodynamic equilibrium of the planet.
• For the environmental Ethics is a discipline in philosophy that studies

  or focus on the moral relationship among human beings to the value

  and moral status of the environment, which includes plants and animals.
• The ecosystem is a community comprised of living organisms in

  conjunction or in relationship with the nonliving components of their

  specific environment that interact with each other.
• Photosynthesis. It is the process of all plants that transform into the

  release of energy ATP. During this process, the light energy of the sun

  is captured. There is a conversion of water, some mineral and carbon

  dioxide, and a certain amount of oxygen needed by animals to survive.
• A species is a basic unit of classifying and identifying the taxonomic

  rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity.
• Taxonomic is concerned with the classification of things, especially organisms.
• Food Chain


  A linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms and ending at apex predator species, detritivores, or decomposer species.
• Food Web - The natural interconnection of food chains and a

  graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community.
• Another name for the food web is the consumer-resource system.
•  Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy carrier in living things.
• Environmentalism encompasses environmental health and protection and depicted as an ideology, philosophy, and social movement, including all aspects covering the changing environment of the Earth.
• In 1863, Britain’s Alkali Acts were passed to combat air pollution.
• In 1898, Coal Smoke Abatement Society was established in response to coal combustion leading to heavy smoke in industrial cities.
• After World War II, the industrialization expansion was stupendous that led to economic development and brought nature degradation.
• International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 1948

  was created to protect and preserve nature in its original form.
• The Clean Air Act 1956 was formed following the London Smog Episode (Great Smog of London) 1952. It initially aimed to limit air pollution by controlling the emission of air pollutants.
• During 1960-1970 marks the beginning of Modern Environmental Movement and the establishment of World Wildlife Fund (WWF) which was created to protect animals and places from human developmental activities.
• The Green Revolution in Agriculture 1966 was initiated to understand the negative impacts of uncontrolled and unregulated use of pesticides and fertilizers on the environment. It was intended on improving agriculture using environmental-friendly techniques.
• Environmentalism in the new millennium kicked off with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2000 which based on eight goals to be achieved before 2015 which was reenforced with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in 2015 as set during the United Nation General Assembly to be achieved before 2030 that aims for the future

  through sustainable approaches.
• International environmental treaties were also established such as Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants in 2001 which aimed to reduce or limit the production, manufacturing, and utilization of persistent organic pollutants; and the Paris Agreement in 2015 that aimed to limit the global emission of greenhouse gases to reduce rising global temperature, mitigating and adapting to climate change.
• Environmental Ethics - It studies the ethical basis of environment or discussion of the ethical basis of environmental protection.
• Inherent value—an intrinsic right to exist.
• Instrumental value - they have value because they are useful to someone who matters.
• Environmental Ethics and Principle:

  1. Profound respect for nature

  2. Maintain a harmonious relationship with other species

  3. Take responsibility for the impact on nature

  4. Local and indigenous environmental knowledge should be respected

  5. Plan for the long term
• Matter - it is anything that occupies space and has mass.
• Solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bosh Einstein Condensate are the phases of matter that constitute the arrangement of the structures and properties of atoms.
• All life is made of matter. It cannot be created nor destroyed, recycled nor transformed as stated in the Law of Conservation of Matter.
• Energy provides the force to hold matter together, tear it apart, and move from one place to another.
• energy in moving objects is called Kinetic Energy.
• The stored energy, latent and ready to use is called Potential Energy.