4th

• Graphic organizers


  • Visually show similarities and differences
  • Categorize and organize ideas
  • Make ideas easier to understand and remember
  • Map out ideas
  • Systematic illustration of an idea or concept from what was read
  • Interesting way of providing an overview
  • May be used to summarize/simplify information
  • May be used for conceptual/theoretical formation

  
• Types of graphic organizers

  • Venn Diagram
  • T-Chart
  • Data Retrieval Chart
  • Data Storage Chart
  • Flowchart
  • Ishikawa Diagram
  • Sungram
  • Pyramid
  • Timeline
  • Fire triangle
  • Concept Map

  
• Venn Diagram


  Illustrates similarities and differences between concepts

  
• 1. Chart


  Illustrates the differences between concepts
• 1. Chart example


  • BOYS
  • GIRLS
  • More Active
  • More Verbal
  • More aggressive on the outside
  • Practice mental and emotional aggression
• Data Retrieval Chart


  • A modified version of a T-Chart
  • We are only talking about one concept
• Data Retrieval Chart example

  • Purposes of an Essay
  • To Inform
  • To Persuade
• Data Storage Chart


  Contains missing elements
• Data Storage Chart example

  • Circles
  • Punishment
  • 1st Unhurt
  • 2nd Make love without satisfaction
  • 3rd Stuck in a mud, to be eaten by a gluttonous beast
  • 4th Push heavy stones
  • 5th Forever mad at each other and themselves
  • 6th Graves are forever burned
  • 7th ...
  • 8th Either whipped or hanged upside down while buried
  • 9th Forever chewed
• Flowchart


  Show sequence in events, steps, or cause and effect
• Ishikawa Diagram


  Show causes and effects
• Sungram


  Shows minor topics arising from a major topic
• Pyramid


  Shows hierarchy of concepts
• Timeline


  Shows sequencing of events
• Fire triangle


  Shows the relationship between 3 interdependent elements

  
• Concept Map


  Arrange ideas from left to right; explore subtopics & relationships

  
• The sentence definitions generated, if developed further, may serve as examples of information report type of texts
• Based on the definitions provided in the activity, one may conclude that there are different ways to define a concept
• There are different types of academic and professional texts that may use definitions in beginning their discussions
• Concept paper


  • A type of text that discusses or clarifies the "whatness" of an idea/term
  • Starts with a definition, either formal or informal, of the term or the concept and proceeds with an expanded definition and analytic description of the aspects of the concept
• Concept paper in the academe


  • Something we prepare prior to the actual research
  • In the academic setting, a concept paper may come in a form of a research proposal
  • It is something that is done before a full blown research paper is carried out, implemented, or approved for funding
• Concept paper in the workplace

  • In the workplace, a concept paper is asked before a full proposal
  • It contains a proposed idea that may not be detailed yet, but somehow provides the reader a framework or an overview of how it can be carried out or implemented
  • Product, Program, Service, Software, Policies
  • When presented, the concept paper should give a clear picture of what the research, project, or feasibility study is all about
  • It clarifies from the very beginning what the purpose is and what process is necessary to carry out that purpose
  • It is a project proposal
• Project proposal


  • A request for financial assistance to implement a project
  • A statement of work
  • It's like an extension of your job
  • A detailed description of a series of activities aimed at solving a certain problem
  • It is created to ensure that it gets the support it needs when the project is implemented
• In order to be successful, the document should be...

  • Clear
  • Accurate & Objective
  • Accessible
  • Correct
  • Concise
  • Understandable
  • Based on facts
  • All possible Qs answered
  • Grammatical
  • Brief but substantial
• Contents of a project proposal

  • Project Title
  • Rationale
  • Objectives of the Project
  • Project Proponents
  • Description of the project
  • Target Beneficiaries/Audience
  • Venue
  • Project Duration
  • Program Flow
  • Budget Proposal
• Essay


  Made up of different parts and each serves a purpose
• Parts of an essay

  • Title
  • Introduction
  • Body
  • Conclusion
• Argumentative essay


  • Also called persuasive essay
  • A piece of writing used to convince readers to argue to an argument or claim about a particular topic
• Forms of persuasive writing

  • Editorials
  • Op-Ed (Opposite Editorial)
  • Reviews
  • Advertisements
  • Propaganda
• Elements of argumentation


  • Argument/Claim
  • Counterargument/Counterclaim
  • Reputation
• Reaction paper


  • A response to a prompt which may be a question, a current event, or a form of media, including movies or video clips
  • It is a popular form of academic writing because it requires thoughtful reading, research, and writing
• Dos and don'ts of a reaction paper

  • A reaction to something read or seen
  • Should be organized
  • Has citations and references
  • Includes opinions that are well-supported with evidence
  • Is a judgment, analysis, or evaluation of the issues about the topic
  • Include a lot of "I think", "I feel", or "I believe" statements
  • Use the pronoun "you"
  • Simply repeat what the author has already said
• What a reaction paper includes

  • Evidence that you have understood what the material said
  • Your reaction to the writer' or creator's ideas
  • Your evaluation of the material's strengths and weaknesses
• Steps in writing a reaction paper

  • Reading and studying the material
  • Annotate the text as you read
  • Ask questions as you read
  • Free write
  • Decide on your angle and determine your thesis
  • Organize your paper
  • Gather quotations
  • Structure your paragraph
  • Peer checking
• Critique paper


  A genre of academic writing that briefly summarizes and critically evaluates a work or concept
• Critique paper evaluates works like

  • Creative works - novels, exhibits, film, images
  • Research - monographs, journal articles, systematic reviews, theories
  • Media - news reports, feature articles
• Parts of a critique paper

  • Article and its author
  • Your main point (evaluation of the article)
  • Summary of the issues
  • Author's key assumptions
  • Your perspective on these assumptions and basis/criteria used
  • Overall evaluation of the work
  • A summary of the key reasons, identified during the critical evaluation, why it is formed
  • Recommendations
• Business writing


  Purposeful, economical, audience oriented, and process oriented
• Process of creating a business message (letter)

  • Prewriting (Analyzing, Anticipating, Adapting)
  • Writing (Researching, Organizing, Composing)
  • Revising (Revising, Proofreading, Evaluating)
• Stages in prewriting


  • Test your purpose (Realistic, Appropriate, Timely, Acceptable)
  • Knowing your audience - audience analysis (Primary Audience, Size and composition, Understanding level, Profitable reaction, Good relationship)