Cognitive Approach

• Assumptions


  • Internal mental processes can, and should, be studied scientifically
  • Investigate areas like memory, perception and thinking
  • Cannot be observed directly, so inferences made instead
• The role of Schema


  = a mental framework for interpreting incoming information. Enables us to process information quickly to prevent us being overwhelmed by stimuli.

  Schema can also distort our interpretations leading to perceptual errors.
• Theoretical and Computer models

  = help understand internal mental processes

  • Theoretical - abstract (MSM)
  • Computer - concrete (AI)
• Cognitive Neuroscience


  = scientific study of the influence of brain structure on mental processes

  • Advances due to brain imaging techniques
  • Observes neurological basis of mental processes (Tulving - memory)
  • Establishing neurological basis of mental disorders (OCD)
  • Recent expansions are computer-generating models designed to 'read the brain' (Deception detection in EWT)
• Eval : Strength


  The cognitive approach uses objective scientific methods, that are controlled. Lab studies used produce reliable data. Cognitive neuroscience allows biology and cognitive psychology to join together.
• Eval : Strength


  There are real-world applications, with memory and eyewitness testimony leading to reforms in police procedures (cognitive interview). Also helped to understand and treat mental illness through therapies like CBT.
• Eval : Weakness


  The cognitive approach suffers from machine reductionism because the computer analogy has been criticised. It ignores the influence of human emotion and motivation on our ability to process information (anxiety on EWT)