antibiotics & pain killers

• Where did Fleming find penicillin?

  He left a petri-dish full of STAPHYLOCOCCUS just sitting in his lab. Mould started growing, this was known as 'penicillin'.
• What was the contribution of Florey & Chain?

  they isolated the active ingredient & turned it into a useable drug.
• What are the limitations of penicillin?

  -ineffective on superbug (MRSA) or bacteria that have built resistance

  -does not work on viruses.
• How do antibiotics work?

  Antibiotics work by targeting and killing bacteria or inhibiting their growth. They do this by interfering with the bacterial cell wall, protein synthesis, or DNA replication. Some antibiotics also disrupt the metabolic processes of bacteria. However, it's important to note that antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections.
• Why is it difficult to develop new antibiotics?

  bacteria resistance.
• What is antibody efficacy?


  Effectiveness of an antibiotic.
• How do pain killers work?

  -treat the symptoms of disease & make you feel better. however, they do not have any effect on the pathogens that cause the disease.
• why do antibiotics not harm human cells?

  as humans do not have a cell wall.
• What are examples of pain killers?

  Ibuprofen, aspirin, paracetamol