detects changes in bloodoxygenation + flow that occur as a result of neural (brain) activity in specific parts of the brain
when brain area is more active it consumes more oxygen + to meet this demand blood flow is directed to the activearea (haemodynamic response)
fMRI's produce 3D images (activation maps) showing which parts of the brain are involved in particular mentalprocesses -> important implications for our understanding of localisaton of function