Lecture 8

• Depression


  Low, sad state marked by significant levels of sadness, lack of energy, low self-worth, guilt, or related symptoms
• Mania


  State or episode of euphoria or frenzied activity in which people may have an exaggerated belief that the world is theirs for the taking
• Depressive disorders


  A group of disorders marked by unipolar depression
• Unipolar depression


  Depression without a history of mania
• Bipolar disorder


  Disorder marked by alternating or intermixed periods of mania and depression
• How common is unipolar depression? • Lifetime prevalence

  20 percent of all adults experience unipolar depression at some time in their lives (26% female versus 12% male)
• How common is unipolar depression?• 12-month prevalence

  8 percent of adults suffer from severe unipolar depression in any given year; 5 percent suffer from mild forms
• How common is unipolar depression?• Onset

  Average age is 19 years
• How common is unipolar depression?• Remission

  85% recover within 6 months
• How common is unipolar depression?• Persistence

  >50% have multiple episodes