Israel's invasions of Lebanon

• when was the operation of Litani?


  1978
• why did Israel carry out Operation Litani?


  wanted their troops to occupy south lebanon, as far as the river Litani.
• what were the main outcomes of operation Litani?

  allowed israel to maintain a forces on a 12-mile stretch of the Israeli-Lebanese border and formed the South Lebanon Force.
• what was the South Lebanon Force?

  a christian militia, based in the South and trained and equipped by Israel
• when was Operation Peace in Galilee?


  1982
• why did Israel want to carry out Operation Peace in Galilee?

  they were dissatisfied with the results of their war by proxy between the South Lebanon Force and the army.
• what was the outcome of Operation in Galilee?

  Hundreds of thousands Palestinians made homeless. In the refugee camp near Beirut, the Phalangist forces unleashed their hatred on unarmed Palestinians. Muslim suicide bombers caused the death of 100s of French and US soldiers in Lebanon
• how many troops, tanks and fighter planes did the Israelis have for Operation Peace in Galilee?

  170,000 troops, 3500 tanks and 600 fighter planes
• what happened 3 days after the bus bombing in 1978?

  Israeli troops invaded Lebanon, withdrew due to US pressure and so UN troops were sent to keep the peace on the Lebanese-Israeli border
• what did a group of Palestinians attempt to do in June 1982?

  attempted murder on the Israeli ambassador in London
• when Israeli forces advanced north and surrounded Beirut, what did they do?

  cut off food and water supplies, started shelling positions in the city which were held by the PLO
• what did the Israeli forces also have control over?

  sky and coastline (over 20,000 killed during the 'battle of Beirut')
• why did Israeli troop remain in the south of Lebanon in 1982-5?

  they could still not be sure that they had driven all palestinians out
• what was the outcome of Israeli troops remaining in the south?

  made enemies among the Lebanese- Muslims in the South (who many were part of Hezbollah)
• how did the US persuade the Israelis to stop shelling the city?

  an agreement to stop in return for PLO fighters to be evacuated
• who were sent out to supervise the evacuation of PLO fighters?

  US, French and Italian troops
• how many Palestinian fighters left Beirut from the evacuation?

  over 14,000
• where did Yasser Arafat move his headquarters to?

  Tunisia
• when did the Israelis withdraw their last troops in Lebanon and why?

  in 2000, as they faced increasing attacks from Hezbollah
• what happened in 2006?


  Hezbollah fighters crossed the border into Israel, killed 3 Israeli soldiers and captured 2 others.
• what did Hezbollah demand in 2006?

  the release of hundred of Hezbollah fighter and Palestinians who were held in Israeli jails
• what was Israel's response to Hezbollah's demands?

  they refused to a swap and launched air attacks on Hezbollah strongholds
• what was the death toll from the Israeli and hezbollah attacks?

  1000 and nearly a million made homeless. Nearly 100 Israelis killed
• when was a ceasefire for the fighting in 2006 arranged and by who?


  August 2006 by the UN, who sent UN peacekeeping force to their border
• did the Israelis destroy Hezbollah or recover their captured soldiers?

  no