ATP, Inorganic ions and Water
Cards (12)
- What does water's polar property allow it to do in terms of a solvent?
- The transport of substance like mineral ions in the xylem or for metabolic reactions to occur in the cytoplasm
- Water is a metabolite, what reactions is it therefore involved in?
- Hydrolysis
- Condensation
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration
- Explain why each property of ATP is useful:
- Unstable, Soluble
- Easily formed
- Breaks energy down quickly.
- ATP quickly accumulates in the cell
- Readily available for biochemical processes.
- What are some uses of ATP?
- DNA replication
- Active transport
- Protein synthesis
- Muscle contractions
- ATP is an immediate source of energy but cannot be stored due to unstable bonds
- ATP is broken down in a hydrolysis reaction in a single step into ADP and Pi
- This releases energy in small manageable amounts.
- ATP is soluble and so can move where it is needed.
- What is the equation for the breakdown of ATP into energy?
- ATP + H20 --> ADP + inorganic phosphate + energy
- Describe the structure of ATP and how its structure links to its low activation energy
- Made from a nucleotide base and three phosphate groups (negative charge so repel)
- Resulting in unstable bonds and therefore a low activation energy
- What does ATP stand for?
- Adenine Triphosphate
- What enzyme assists in the synthesis of ATP?
- ATP synthase
- What enzyme assists in the breakdown of ATP
- ATP hydrolase
- Why do water molecules organise themselves with hydrogen bonding?
- Because of their slight opposite charges at either side of the molecule and the fact that opposites attract
- What do these environmental variables result in?
- An increased concentration of; glucose, phosphate ions, nucleotides, oxygen, and an increase in temperature
- Glucose = Increased respiration
- Phosphate ions = Increased: ATP, DNA and RNA production
- Nucleotide = Increased DNA synthesis
- Oxygen = Increased respiration
- Temperature = Increased enzyme activity