early life/court

• who were her mum and dad

  Anne Boleyn and Henry the 8th
• how many change of successions were there

  3 as she was illegitamete
• what were her early religion problems

  she had to be protestant but there was a dissolution of Protestantism between Catherine and Elizabeths rein
• who was her tutor

  roger ascham
• what was her education

  5 languages fluently , horserider , very intelligent
• what were some problems facing her as queen

  massive debt from mary

  unmarried with no heirs

  had to turn country protestant

  questioned ability because shes a women

  had to decide her advisors
• what was the royal court

  around 500 people

  centre of political life

  it's mobile so always with elizabeth

  oversees all decisions made

  proves her legitimacy
• what was a progress

  queen travels during the summer month and stays with members of the gentry or nobility
• What was a patronage

  promotions or privileges for key individuals (monopolies)

  Used it to ensure loyalty

  brought wealth and status

  encourages competition/jealousy

  could be seen as a corrupt system
• what was the privy council

  co-ordinated finance,laws,local officials...

  main job was to advise the queen

  used divide and rule to keep them loyal

  trusted a lot by elizabeth

  Cecil was highly skilled in his role
• what was the parliament

  included the house of lords and commons

  no formal political parties

  elizabeth had the power to veto any laws

  elizabeth decided when parliament ran and only called it 13 times (11 were for money)

  Mp's could speak freely which led to marriage discussion and some got cocky like Peter Wentworth
• Who were Elizabeth's leading courtiers

  William Cecil/Lord Burghley who was the parliamentry manager and heavily relied on by Elizabeth
• who were E's leading courtiers

  Christopher Hatton who impressed E with his dancing and was lord Chancellor ( did not like extreme protestants )
• who were E's leading courtiers

  Robert Dudley/ Earl of Leicester who was a good friend and became master of the horse, was hints of romance, argued with Cecil
• who were E's leading courtiers

  Francis Walsingham who was an MP and very good at languages, ended up being secretary of state and E's spy master
• who were E's leading courtiers

  Walter Raleigh who had a dashing nature and introduced potatoes and tobacco so go knighted, later became E's bodyguard and she invested in his expeditions ( as he was a close favourite ) until he got E's maid of honour pregnant
• who were E's leading courtiers

  Robert Cecil who was the son of William and became the secretary of state
• who were E's leading courtiers

  Robert Deveraux/second earl of Essex who had the monopoly for sweet wines and had knowledge on foreign affairs, hated the cecils and was often disrespectful
• what was the order of government

  God

  Queen

  Court

  Privy council

  Lords lieutenant

  Town councils
• What was the reason for Essex's Rebelion

  Earl of Essex ( Rob Dev ) was very unpredictable and made many mistakes like when he married without permission

  Burst into E's bed chamber and drew his sword at her which meant he was banned from court, placed on house arrest and lost his monopoly
• Essex rebellion...


  gathered 300 supporters and barricaded his house

  E demanded him to appear for Privy council

  Took 4 pc hostage and marches to capture the queen

  many supporters leave him in exchange for a pardon

  blocked the route and got arrested

  was seen as a traitor and was executed but showed divide and rule doesn't work as he betrayed it so E loses power
• what were problems facing female rulers

  it was a man's world

  John Knox book criticised women ( influence )

  seen as weaker when married but caused a succession crisis if they didn't produce an heir

  thought they were too emotional

  believed rulers should be strong and masculine
• cons of marriage


  limit freedom

  share power

  most suitors were catholic

  Mary's marriage caused a rebellion

  works our badly ( trauma from her dad )
• Elizabeth's suitors


  King philip of Spain - could create an ally but was a widower of Mary, catholic and could be an enemy as he was foreign

  Robert Dudley - were close friends but unsure of genuine love, did already have a wife so would be scandalous

  Prince Eric of Sweden - would solidify Sweden as ally but E wanted to remain independent
• Who became the next heir?

  James VI his parents were grandchildren of Margret Tudor and was man, became James I of England in 1603