Term 1

• The second world war was a war that shocked and changed the whole world
• More than 30 countries were involved in the second world war
• The second world war lasted for six years
• More than 60 million people died during the second world war
• During the six years of the second world war, more than 900,000 aircrafts were manufactured, over 4,000 warships were manufactured, and over 270,000 tanks were manufactured
• The second world war was the war where millions of people who were deemed unfit, mostly Jews, were killed systematically during the Holocaust
• The second world war was the war where the first and only nuclear weapon was used in warfare
• Axis powers

  Germany, Italy, Japan
• Allied powers


  France, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, China, United States of America
• Prominent countries in the Axis powers

  • Germany
  • Italy
  • Japan
• Prominent countries in the Allied powers

  • France
  • United Kingdom
  • Soviet Union
  • China
  • United States of America
• Berlin pact


  The three-party pact between Germany, Italy, and Japan
• Big Four


  United States of America, Britain, Soviet Union, China
• Big Three


  United States of America, Britain, Soviet Union
• First World War


  1914-1918
• Second World War


  1939-1945
• Cold War


  1947-1991
• Nationalism


  An idea and movement that promotes the interest of a particular nation as in a group of people especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's self governance over its homeland
• The second world war started in 1939
• In the first world war, the Allied Powers fought against the Central Powers
• The Allied Powers won the first world war
• Germany was on the losing side in the first world war and was considered the culprit for starting it
• Treaty of Versailles


  A written agreement drawn up to officially end the first world war, and used to punish Germany for damages caused
• Conditions of the Treaty of Versailles

  • Germany had to accept blame for starting World War I
  • Germany had to pay $31.4 billion in compensation to the Allies (over $400 billion today)
  • Germany had to cut its Army from almost 2 million men to only 100,000
  • No submarines or air force were allowed for Germany
  • Germany had to lose a significant amount of land and all its colonies
• The Treaty of Versailles punished Germany


  This led to a build-up of resentment and anger in the nation, mixed with national humiliation for losing the war
• The oppression of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany


  Caused Germany to become more vulnerable to follow an extreme leader like Hitler
• In 1923, Germany experienced hyperinflation, where the value of the currency decreased rapidly
• Between 1924 and 1929, Germany started recovering, but then the Great Depression hit in 1929
• Hyperinflation


  Inflation that decreases the value of a currency rapidly, over a short period of time
• The economic crisis in Germany after World War I

  Made the public more vulnerable to choose a radical leader like Hitler
• The Weimar Republic was the government that ruled Germany after World War I and was responsible for implementing the Treaty of Versailles
• The Weimar Republic was hated by many Germans for having to impose the harsh Treaty of Versailles on its own people
• After World War I, Germany's government and political landscape was unstable
• The League of Nations, established after World War I to maintain world peace, failed
• Totalitarian regime


  A type of government where one leader or party has complete control over all aspects of the country
• After World War I, there was a rise of totalitarian regimes, including Hitler in Germany, Mussolini in Italy, Hirohito in Japan, and Stalin in the Soviet Union
• The weakened state of Germany after World War I

  Made it more vulnerable to the rise of a totalitarian regime like Hitler
• Reichstag


  The German Parliament, a place where laws are debated and made
• Lebensraum


  Living space, Hitler wanted more land for Germany leading to invasions
• Führer


  Leader, Hitler was called the Führer