SCI ST 1 AND 2

• What is the main cause of earthquakes?

  Tectonic plate movements
• It is an opening in the earth’s crust where magma erupts to the surface.

  Volcano
• A region in the Pacific Ocean known for frequent earthquakes and volcanic activities.

  Pacific Ring of Fire
• Approximately, how many volcanoes are there in the Pacific Ring of Fire

  452
• What drives the molten rock inside the magma chamber to move out of the volcano during eruption?

  Intense heat and pressure        
• It is hot liquid rock that comes out of a volcano.

  Lava
• What do you call the process of releasing magma from the volcanic crater?

  Eruption
• What do you call the process of releasing waves of energy from the interior of the earth?

  Earthquake      
• These are seismic disturbances due to the direct action of the volcanic force.

  Volcanic Earthquakes   
• Rising of magma to the crater.

  Explosion Phase
• Increasing amount of energy

  Explosion Phase
• Increase in seismic activity

  Preparation Phase
• Collapsing of the crater

  Ending Phase
• Building up of pressure in the magma chamber

  Explosion
• Steam comes out from the volcano

  Preparation Phase
• Weakening of the walls of the volcano

  Preparation Phase
• Magma chamber is filled with magma.

  Preparation Phase        
• Magma chamber is empty.

  Ending Phase
• Releasing of volcanic materials

  Explosion Phase
• thin, rocky layer

  crust
• thick layer of slowly moving rocks

  mantle
• layer of solid metal

  outer coal
• layer of flowing, liquid metal

  inner core
• The motion of the Earth’s rigid plate, known as plate tectonics is driven by the flow of hot rock in ___.

  Mantle
• The motion of those rocks is called ___.

  Convection
• Plates collide and crumple

  Mountain Ranges
• One plate sinks under the other

  Volcanic arcs
• Plates spread apart 

  Mid-Ocean Ridges
• Plates slide past each other  

  Transform Faults
• The theory that describes the formation, movements, and interactions of plates.

  Tectonic Plate
• .  This type of seismic wave moves parallel to the propagation direction.

  P Wave
• Continental crust is thicket than the oceanic crust.

  True
• Which type of seismic wave arrives first during an earthquake and causes the most damage?

  P Wave
• Which of the following is a primary measure to stay safe during an earthquake?

  A.     Drop, cover, and hold
• Which scale is commonly used to measure the magnitude of earthquakes?

  Ritcher scale
• What is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the earthquake’s point of origin called?

  Epicenter
• Which instrument is used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake?

  Seismograph
• TRUE OF FALSE: Earthquakes can be accurately predicted with precise timing and location

  FALSE
• TRUE OR FALSE: Tsunamis are often triggered by underwater earthquakes

  TRUE
• TRUE OR FALSE: Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the earth’s crust.

  TRUE