General chemistry

• NONSPONTANEOUS


  Type of process which needs to use of energy to make it happen. It is one that occurs without outside intervention.
• SPONTANEOUS PROCESS


  One that occurs on its own, without any energy input from the outside.
• Spontaneity


  Of a process can be determined from the change in entropy and change in free energy of a system.
• System


  A part of universe which under study. For example, a certain amount of solid, liquid, or gas contain in a system.
• Surrounding


  The rest of the universe or environment around the system is called surrounding.
• Boundary


  Anything that separates the system from the surrounding is called boundary.
• System + surrounding = universe.
• ENTROPY


  A measure of the randomness or disorder of a system.
• SI unit of entropy

  Joules per Kelvin (J/K)
• Entropy is dependent on kinetic energy of the molecules at a given state.
• Molar entropy of different states

  • Solid state: LOWEST
  • Liquid state: INTERMEDIATE
  • Gaseous state: HIGHEST
• SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS


  It states that the total entropy of the universe is always increases for spontaneous process.