depression

• Votes from May 1924-November 1932- communist increase: 62 to 100 , SPD increase: 100-121, centre: 81-90, nationalist: 95-52 and Nazi: 32-296
• Muller's government 1928-30


  'grand coalition', SPD led, secured young plan, depression hit, failed as unsure and conflict on unemployment benefits. Muller resigned when Hindenburg would not use article 48
• Brunings government 1930-32


  right wing conservative, failed to win support for increasing tax and cutting welfare spending, reliance on article 48, 1930 elections saw rise in communism and Nazi's, banned SA, lost support, refused to work with Nazi's
• Papen May-Dec 1932


  Hindenburg persuaded to make gov of 'national concentration' (no members of Reichstag), Papen wanted Nazi support, lifted ban on SA, agreed to Hitler's demands for new elections, pressure from elites, lost support of Reichstag.
• Schleicher government Dec 1932- Jan 1933


  had links with trade unions and Nazi's, convinced Hindenburg to dismiss Papen, made Strasser (Nazi) vice chancellor but Hitler refused, failed to win support of left and alienated elite, Papen got him removed
• Hitler's gov appointed Jan 1933

  fear of communism and increasing instability= elites backing Hitler, Papen and Hindenburg thought Hitler could be controlled
• impact of depression: rise in unemployment, industrial production declined, banks close, homelessness, malnutrition, rise in Nazi's and communism, use of article 48, businesses and banks close
• 46% of support for Nazi's came from working class
• exports value fell by 55%, article 48 used 5x in 1930 and 66x in 1932
• 6 million unemployed 1932