Midterms: Voting and Apportionment

•  an allocation based on some proportions.

  apportionment
• is the problem of dividing up a fixed number of things among groups of different sizes.

  apportionment
•  known as the Method of Largest Remainders and sometimes as Vinton’s Method.


  hamilton plan
• who founded the hamilton plan

  alexander hamilton
• the number of people/voters represented by each representative

   

  standard divisor
• The whole number part of the quotient of a population divided by the standard divisor

  standard quota
• • also known as the method of greatest divisor or the hagenbach-bischoff method.

  jefferson plan
• who founded jefferson plan

  thomas jefferson
• jefferson plan is also known as

  • method of greatest divisor
  • hagenbach-bischoff method
• it is used by the House of Representatives since 1940


  huntington-hill apportionment method
• Huntington-Hill Apportionment Method also known as the


  method of equal proportions
• 3 Apportionment Mthod

  1. hamilton plan
  2. jefferson plan
  3. huntington-hill apportionment method
• Apportionment Paradoxes

  1. Alabama
  2. Population
  3. New State
• -an increase in the total number of items to be apportioned results in the loss of an item for a group

  alabama paradox
• • refers to any apportionment situation where increasing the total number of items would decrease one of the shares.

  alabama paradox
• • group A loses items to Group B, even though the population of group A grew at a faster rate than that of group B

   

  population paradox
• occurs when a state’s population increases but its allocated of seats decreases.

  population paradox
•  the addition of a new group changes the apportionments of other methods.

  new state paradox
•  occurs when a new state is added along with additional seats and existing states lose seats.

  new state paradox
• flaws of voting systems

  1. majority
  2. monotonicity
  3. condorcet
  4. independent of irrelevant alternative