AO1

• The learning theory proposes that all behaviour is learned through operant and classical conditioning. It assumes that attachment is based on primary care provision, feeding, and therefore the strongest attachments are formed with those who provide the most primary care.
• Classical Conditioning


  Classical conditioning was proposed by Pavlov and suggests that we learn through association. This relates to stimuli. An unconditioned stimulius, such as food, produces an unconditioned response, such as pleasure. The reliever of this unconditioned response, such as the feeder (caregiver) becomes a conditioned stimulus which produces a conditioned response, such as pleasure.
• Operant Conditioning 


  Operant conditioning was proposed by Skinner and suggests that we learn through consequences. He suggested two components of this theory, positive and negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is when a behaviour has a reward, we are more likely to repeat it. Negative reinforcement is when a behaviour has a consequence, we are less likely to repeat it.
• Skinner: Research


  Skinner tested his concept of operant conditioning by placing rats in boxes. When the rats pressed a lever, it released a pellet of food. The rats soon learned to repeat this behaviour as it produced a reward; positive reinforcement.
• Dolland & Miller: Learning Theory Research

  They investigated operant conditioning. When hungry, the infant feels uncomfortable which creates a drive to relieve this discomfort. The provider of food relieves this feeling and the food becomes the primary positive reinforcer and the provider becomes the secondary positive reinforcer. Attachment occurs because the child seeks the provider of the reward (relieve discomfort). When a caregiver comforts a crying baby, they negatively reinforce this behaviour for themselves. Findings support the learning theory.