Disease cause by worms

• HOOKWORM INFECTIONS


  Parasites that affect the small intestine and lungs
• Cause of Infection

  • Necator americanus
  • Ancylostoma duodenale
• Transmission of disease


  1. Walks barefoot on soil that contains the larvae

  2. Swallows soil particles, for example on unwashed salad leaves
• The eggs of these hookworms end up on the ground after passing through human feces. They hatch into larvae which stays in the soil
• Humans contract hookworm larvae found in dirt contaminated by feces. The larvae enter your skin, travel through your bloodstream, and enter your lungs. They are carried to your small intestine when you cough them out of the lung and swallow
• Fully grown, they can live in your small intestine for a year or more before passing through your feces
• Carriers of infection

  • https://www.healthline.com/health/hookworm#causes
• Symptoms


  • Itchiness and a rash where the larvae entered your skin
  • Diarrhea as the hookworms grow in your intestine
  • Abdominal pain
  • Colic, or cramping and excessive crying in infants
  • Intestinal cramps
  • Nausea
  • A fever
  • Blood in your stool
  • A loss of appetite
  • Itchy rash
• Treatment

  A doctor will normally recommend taking certain medications — albendazole, mebendazole, or pyrantel pamoate — for 1 to 3 days to treat the parasitic infection
• Antihelminthics


  Anti-parasitic drugs
• Those with severe anemia may need iron supplementation
• In places where hookworm is common, those who are at risk may receive preventive drug treatment to protect them from an infection
• Prevention


  • Wearing shoes, especially in soiled areas with a high risk of contamination
  • Using a barrier to prevent the skin from touching the soil when sitting on the ground
  • Avoiding consuming soil or unwashed foods that may be contaminated with hookworm
  • Not passing stool in the soil or outdoors
  • Not using fertilizer made from human feces
  • Covering children's sandboxes
  • Taking safety precautions, such as wearing gloves and shoes when gardening
  • Treating pet dogs and cats for hookworm
• ASCARIASIS


  Occurs when a type of roundworm known as ascaris lumbricoides infects the small intestine
• Symptoms


  • Abdominal pain
  • Vomiting
  • Loss of appetite
• Transmission


  A soil transmitted helminth
• The roundworm lays eggs, which then pass in the person's stool, or poop. It can spread when an infected person defecates near farmland or crops
• When people do not wash crops or cook them thoroughly, the roundworm can enter a new host, and start its life cycle again
• Many people with ascariasis do not experience any symptoms until the infection has become severe
• Ascariasis worms


  • Typically pink or white with tapered ends
  • Female worms can be more than 15 inches (40 centimeters) long and a little less than a quarter inch (6 millimeters) in diameter
  • Male worms are generally smaller
• Symptoms


  • Abdominal pain or discomfort
  • Weight loss
  • Loss of appetite
  • Nausea
  • Worms visible in stool
  • Diarrhea
  • Vomiting
  • Irregular bowel movements
  • Impaired growth in children
  • Fever
  • Bloody mucus
  • Discomfort in the chest
  • Shortness of breath
  • Gagging cough
  • Wheezing
• Life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides

  1. Ingestion

  2. Migration

  3. Maturation

  4. Reproduction
• Mild cases of ascariasis usually don't cause complications
• Complications


  • Slowed growth
  • Intestinal blockage and perforation
  • Duct blockages
• Prevention


  • Practice good hygiene. Before handling food, always wash your hands with soap and water. Wash fresh fruits and vegetables thoroughly.
  • Use care when traveling. Use only bottled water, and avoid raw vegetables unless you can peel and wash them.
• Taeniasis


  Intestinal infection with tapeworms
• Parasite species that cause taeniasis in humans

  • Taenia solium
  • Taenia saginata
  • Taenia asiatica
• Only T. solium causes major health problems
• Other names for taeniasis

  • Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm)
  • Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)
• Symptoms


  • Pain
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Blockage of the intestine
  • Digestive problems
  • Irritation in the perianal area
• People often become aware that they have a tapeworm when they see worm segments or eggs in their stool
• Infections can take between 8 and 14 weeks to develop
• Causes


  Eating raw or undercooked beef or pork. Contaminated food can contain tapeworm eggs or larvae that grow in your intestines when eaten
• Fully cooking beef or pork will destroy the larvae so that they can't live in your body
• The tapeworm can grow up to 12 feet in length. It can live in the intestines for years without being discovered
• Poor hygiene can also cause the spread of taeniasis. Once tapeworm larvae are in human stool, they can be spread through contact with the stool
• Life cycle


  Not provided
• Prevention


  • Cook meat to safe temperatures. Use a food thermometer to measure the internal temperature of cooked meat. Do not sample meat until it is cooked.
• Treatment


  Taeniasis can be treated with single doses of praziquantel (10 mg/kg) or niclosamide (adults and children over 6 years: 2 g, children aged 2–6 years: 1 g). Albendazole at 400 mg for 3 consecutive days has also been used.
• Toxocariasis


  Infection with larvae of Toxocara spp., which are common ascarid roundworms of mammals