GI (not important)

• What is the pathophysiology of PERITONITIS?

  inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane surrounding abdo organs). Most often caused by infection but can be from FB, bowel strangulation and a ruptured appendix. Increase pain, rigid + distended abdo, S+Sx of sepsis.
• What is the pathophysiology of APPENDICITIS?

  function is not completely known. Commonly caused by trapped faecal matter in/over the appendix or infection. This leads to inflammation and eventual ischaemia. If left untreated the appendix can rupture. Increase in temp, rigid RLQ.
• What is the pathophysiology of CELLULITIS?

  bacterial infection that is localised to a specific area. There is rapid reproduction of bacteria and the immune system cannot cope. There is a release of cytokines and chemokines. This produces prostaglandins and causes vasodilation. This increases temp and blood flow resulting in pain, redness and swelling.