enzymes

• Enzymes are biological catalysts - protein molecules that speed up chemical reactions
• Enzymes lock and key method

  1. Enzyme and substrate collide and fit together forming a ENZYME-SUBSTRATE-COMPLEX
  2. Enzyme either breaks bonds between molecules or builds a larger molecule
  3. Product is released
  4. Enzyme is denatured

  In enzyme are exposed to extreme temps over their optinium temp their active site changes and so products will no longer fit active site

  
• Enzymes and temp - stage 1

  At low temperatures the enzymes and substrates have low kinetic energy. This results in the particles colliding less often, which means there will be fewer successful collisions between the substrate and the enzyme’s active site.

  
• Enzymes and temp - stage 2

  As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy increases, leading to more collisions and enzyme substrate complexes formed per unit time. This increases the rate of reaction.

  
• Enzymes and temp - stage 3

  At the optimum temperature the maximum number of enzyme-substrate complexes form per unit time.

  
• Enzymes and temp - stage 4

  If the temperature continues to increase past the optimum, the increased kinetic energy breaks the weak hydrogen bonds holding the enzyme’s unique active site shape. Enzyme–substrate complexes can no longer form as the substrates no longer fit into the active site. The enzyme is denatured.