Joints

• Define a Joint


  articulation connecting cartilage or bone
• Functions of a joint

  strength and mobility
• Two parts of a skelton

  Axial and Appendicular
• Fibrous


  allow little to no movement

  Bone - Fibrous tissue - Bone
• 3 examples of Fibrous Joints

  1. Sutures (short fibres, only in skull)

  
  

  2. Gomphoses (tooth in socket)

  
  

  3. Syndesmoses (longer fibres eg- tibiofibular joints- arm)
• Cartilaginous


  Bone - Cartilage/Fibrocartilage - Bone

  
  

  Little movement with shock absorbers and protection
• Type 1 Cartilaginous- Synchondrosis


  Also known as primary cartilaginous

  example- epiphyseal plate (at end makes new cartilage)
• Type 2 Cartilaginous- Symphysis

  Also known as secondary cartilaginous

  
  

  Bone- Cartilage - Fibrocartilage - Cartilage - Bone

  
  

  Important for compression and resistance

  
  

  Only found in the midline

  
  

  Example: intervertebral disc
• Synovial Joint


  Bone - Cartilage - Synovial Cavity - Cartilage - Bone

  
  

  Separated with fluid= generous movement
• Classification of Synovival


  1. Hinge

  2. Pivot

  3. Condyloid

  4. Saddle

  5. Ball and socket

  6. Plane/ gliding
• Axial Classification of Synovial Joints

  1. Uniaxial

  2. Biaxial

  3. Multiaxial
• Factors of Stability


  1. Shape of articular surfaces

  2. Ligaments reduce movement

  3. Toning in Muscles

  4. Support through fascia and skin

  5. Atmospheric pressure