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• Digestive system - set of organs that break down food
• Dietary fiber - indigestible fiber
• Water - many kinds of food contain this
• carbohydrates - broken down into glucose which cells use for energy, can be found is bread, corn, etc.
• fiber, vitamins, minerals - used by cells to do their job
• protein - grows and repairs cells
• calcium - builds healthy bones and teeth
• oils - have lipids which our cells need
• metabolism - the chemical changes occurring in the body as it breaks down food
• calorie - how energy in food is measured
• fats - extra calories
• mouth - teeth and saliva
• bolus - what food is called
• esophagus - squeezes the bolus into the stomach
• stomach - churns and adds acids and enzymes as the liver produces bile
• Pancreas and gallblader - adds enzymes to the small intestine
• villi - absorbs nutrients in the small intestine
• large intestine - turns chyme in to feces
• IBS - Irritable bowel syndrome
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome - changes in functioning of digestive system, such as abnormal contraction
• IBD - Inflammatory bowel disease
• inflammatory bowel disease - chronic inflammation of the gi tract that causes damage to it
• GERD - gastroesopagael reflux disease
• GERD - acid from the stomach backs up to the esophagus
• Celiac Disease - autoimmune condition in which the immune system responds abnormally to glutten
• Diverticulitis - when small pouches in the large intestinal wall called diverticula are present
• Cells - the basic unit of life
• Cell - basic unit of life

  Atom - basic unit of matter
• Prokaryotic - Bacterial cell

  Eukaryotic - plant and animals cell
• Robert Hooke - coined the word "cella", meaning a small room
• 1.All living things are made up of cells

  2.Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things

  3.New cells are produced from existing cells
• Chromatin - consists of DNA bound to protein and usually spread throughout the nucleus
• Nucleus - contains dna
• dna - hereditary information and contains most cell processes
• chromosomes - happens during cell division and contains hereditary genetic information
• in multicellular organisms, cell division is required for 3 things :

  growth

  reproduction

  repair
• GROWTH - Efficiency of moving materials to the cells

  • larger the cell, the less efficient
  • volume of the cell increases faster than its surface area
  • cells that grow too large no longer have enough area to take nutrients and remove waste
• Reproduction - cells divide to reproduce themselves

  -all cells came from preexisting cells
• Somatic cells - mitosis

  Sex cells - meiosis
• Repair - cells divide to repair tissues and old or damaged cells