SIGMUND FREUD

• Psychoanalysis


  Begins with the case history of one of Joseph Breuer's patients, Anna O.
• Catharsis


  Emotional release
• Resistance


  Force that prevents patients from being aware of unconscious memories
• Dreams


  Royal road to the unconscious
• Manifest dream


  The remembered part; disguised fulfillment of repressed wishes
• Latent dream


  Meaning or motive behind the manifest dream
• Sexuality


  Bodily process that could be totally understood under a model of tension reduction
• Libido


  Emotional and psychic energy derived from the biological drive of sexuality
• Drive's Four Features


  • Source: bodily stimulus or need
  • Impetus: amount of energy or intensity of the need
  • Aim: goal and purpose (reduce excitation)
  • Object: person or object which the aim may be satisfied
• Cathect


  Investing libidinal energy in a mental representation of an object that will satisfy a desire
• Psychosexuality


  Totality of elements included in the sexual drive
• Two Basic Groups of Impulsive Drives

  • Eros: Life impulses or drives
  • Thanatos: Death impulses or drives
• Polymorphous perverse


  How children actively seek pleasure from many areas of the body; children's activities differ in many respects from reproductive sexual activity
• Autoerotic


  Seeking pleasure from own bodies
• Fixation


  Lingering effects of the psychosexual stages revealed in adult character types or traits
• Oedipus Complex


  Fantasy life of children that sets the stage for the Oedipus complex
• Penis envy


  The disappointment and shame girls feel upon viewing the "superior" penis leads to jealousy, sense of inferiority, feeling of resentment and hatred toward the mother
• Electra Complex


  The feminine version of the Oedipus Complex
• Id


  Core of our being; oldest and original function of the personality and the basis of the ego and superego
• Ego


  The "I" that emerges to realistically meet the wishes and demands of the id in accordance with the outside world
• Superego


  Represents internalized values, ideals, and moral standards
• pleasure principle - immediate tension reduction ; when the libido (psychic energy) builds up, it reaches an uncomfortable level of tension; the id seeks to discharge the tension and return to a more comfortable level of energy
• reality principle- satisfying the id’s impulses in an appropriate manner in the external world; postpones the discharge of tension until the appropriate object that will satisfy the need has been found
• Super-ego consist of two subsystems- the conscience and ego-ideal
• erogenous zones: areas of bodies that provide pleasure