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Chapter 2: cell division and differentiation
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Jo Ann
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Cards (17)
Cells are continually lost to make new cells in the body during
cell division
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Reasons for cell division
Replace worn out
cells
Repair
damaged
cells
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Key terms related to cell division and growth
Cell
division
Growth
Differentiation
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Cells are
diploid
(have
two
copies of each chromosome)
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DNA
A
polymer
made up of strands forming a
double helix
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DNA structure
Sugar phosphate
backbone
Nitrogenous
bases forming the rungs of the
ladder
Base pairing
held by
hydrogen
bonds
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Alleles
Different forms of the same
gene
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Cell division - Mitosis
1. Cell
replicates chromosomes
2. Cell
divides
to form
genetically identical daughter
cells
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Cell differentiation
Specialisation process where unspecialised
cells
become
specialised
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Zygote
Fertilised egg cell, divides by
mitosis
into an
embryo
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Stem cells
Undifferentiated cells that can become
differentiated
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Plant growth
1. Cell
division
in
meristem
2. Cell
elongation
3. Cell
differentiation
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Meristem
Region where cell division takes place, found in tips of
roots
and
shoots
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Embryonic
stem cells
Stem cells from
4-5
day old human embryos that are not yet
specialised
and can grow into any cell type
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Adult stem cells
Stem cells that remain in the bodies of adults and can
differentiate
into specialised cells of the tissue where they are found, to
replace
body cells that die
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Embryonic stem cell research has been
controversial
due to
ethical
concerns
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Creating stem cells from patient's own cells
1.
Nucleus
removed from patient's cell
2.
Egg
cell stimulated to grow into
embryo
3.
Stem cells
grown from
embryo
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