economic policies 1917-1985

• Bolsheviks


  Political party that took over Russia in 1917
• Stalin


  Soviet leader after Lenin, initiated 5YPs and collectivisation
• 5YPs


  Five-Year Plans for economic development
• Collectivisation


  Forced consolidation of individual peasant households into collective farms
• Consumer goods


  Products bought for consumption by the average consumer
• Vesenkha


  Supreme Council of the National Economy established in 1917
• War Communism


  Government intervention in the economy during the Russian Civil War
• State Capitalism


  Economic system where the state owns the means of production
• New Economic Policy (NEP)

  Economic policy in Soviet Russia allowing some private enterprise
• Hierarchy


  System of organizing people into ranks or levels of importance
• Rationing


  Controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, or services
• Nepmen


  People who gained under the New Economic Policy
• Mensheviks


  Members of the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party opposing the Bolsheviks
• Mixed economy


  Economic system combining private and state ownership
• Private ownership


  Individuals or groups own and control businesses and resources
• State control


  Government regulation and oversight of industries and resources
• Nationalisation


  Process of bringing privately owned assets under state ownership
• Workers' councils


  Groups of employees elected to represent workers in decisions with management
• Bartering


  Exchange of goods or services without using money
• Forcible requisitioning


  Compulsory taking of goods or property by the government
• Communist ideology


  Beliefs and principles of a society based on common ownership
• Private Trading


  Individuals trading goods or services outside of government control
• Command Economies


  Economic systems where the government determines production, distribution, and prices
• Black markets


  Illegal trade of goods or services in violation of government regulations
• Peasantry


  Rural farming class, especially in pre-industrial societies
• Supreme Council of National Economy

  Government body overseeing all industries in Russia
• Proletariat


  Working class, especially industrial workers
• NEP


  New Economic Policy; allowed limited capitalism in USSR
• Black Market


  Illegal trade of goods outside government control
• Scissors Crisis


  Imbalance between agricultural and industrial goods
• 5YP


  Five-Year Plan; aimed at rapid industrialization
• Kulaks


  Prosperous peasants targeted by Stalin
• Gosplan


  State planning authority in the USSR
• Mass Mobilization


  Involving large numbers of people in economic activities
• Shock Brigades


  Groups of exemplary workers in Soviet factories
• Magnitogorsk


  City built from scratch during industrialization
• Gulags


  Forced labor camps in the Soviet Union
• White Sea Canal


  Canal built by prisoners under harsh conditions
• Stakhanov


  Coal miner who set a record for productivity
• Dnieper Dam


  Hydroelectric dam built during Soviet industrialization