structure

• Flashback


  When you go back in time (e.g. 3 months ago, 1 year ago, 1 week ago, 5 minutes ago)
• Foreshadowing


  When the writer gives clues to the reader about something that may be happening in the future
• Zooming in


  When writers focus on a particular detail
• Zooming out


  When writers talk about the setting by expanding the focus
• Dialogue


  When characters are talking
• New character


  When a new character is introduced
• New setting


  When a new setting is introduced
• Change in tone


  When the tone of the writing changes (e.g. from happy to sad, angry to calm)
• Short sentence


  Used to build tension and make the action seem live
• Long sentence


  Used to add detail and slow down the narrative
• Long paragraph
• Short paragraph
• Shift in focus


  When the focus bounces between different objects/details without zooming in or out
• Cyclical structure


  When the opening and ending of a piece of writing are similar in mood
• Juxtaposition


  When there is a contrast between two things, and the effect of this contrast is analysed
• Extended metaphor


  When a metaphor is developed and expanded over a longer section of text
• Pace


  How quickly or slowly the narrative is moving
• List


  Anything more than three items listed together
• Point of view


  Whose perspective the story/writing is from, and whether this changes
• Tone


  The overall tone/attitude of the piece of writing
• Chronological order


  When events are presented in the correct time sequence
• Climax


  The most important part of the writing
• Repetition


  When a word/phrase is repeated, and the effect this has
• Links


  The connections between different paragraphs
• Mood


  The overall feeling/atmosphere, created through techniques like pathetic fallacy
• Asyndetic/Syndetic listing