GCSE citizenship paper 2

• the 5 British values are democracy,rule of law,individual liberty,religious tolerance,mutual respect and equality
• democracy is a fundamental aspect of British life,all citizens should be able to participate in the democratic process
• rule of law means that no individual or group is above the law
• individual liberty means that individuals are free to act according to their own wishes,keeping it legal
• religious tolerance means that you should be understanding of those with different beliefs to you
• Mutual respect and equality is making sure everyone is equal in every aspect of life
• The equality act of 2010 is a peice of legislation that brings together 116 laws to create one single law that protects people against unfair treatment promoting respect and equality
• Factors that make up your identity include age race gender ethnicity sexuality
• Identity is the characteristics that make up who a person is
• Multiple identity means a person can assume different identities depending on the situation
• Global identity is the idea that some aspects of identity are global in nature
• Group identity is identity that is accosted with belonging to a group
• Multicultural society is a society that is made up of people from a fange of cultural and religious backgrounds
• Community cohesion is neighbours living together with respect and cooperation
• Emigration is people leaving a country
• Immigration is people moving into a country
• Migration is people moving between countrys
• Push factors for immigration include poverty wars unemployment religious persecution and political persecution
• Pull factors for immigration include climate family ties culture language and education
• Mass media is the communication to a large number of people at the same time
• E-media is all forms of media relation to the Internet
• Traditional media is tv newspaper cinema and radio
• Social media is a way that people interact with people on the Internet
• New media is all forms of non traditional media
• Fake news are false stories that appear to be real but are not and they usually created to influence political all views
• Freedom of the press is were the media is able to report on matters in the public interest without government interference
• Role of the media is to inform and influence public opinion provide a forum for communication and hold those in power to account
• OFCOM is the office of Communications, a government regulator for TV and radio.
• IPSO is Independent Press Standards Organisation - government regulator set up to handle complaints and conduct of newspapers.
• The UN was set up


  After WW2
• The UN has 193 members
• The UN was designed to

  Stop wars between countries and provide a meeting place where countries could discuss their problems and hopefully come to an agreement
• Security Council


  • Made up of 5 permanent members and 10 member countries that rotate every 2 years
  • The 5 permanent members are the United Kingdom, France, USA, China and Russia
  • The 5 permanent members have the power of the veto, which means if any of the 5 permanent members reject an amendment then it is prevented from happening-even if the other 14 countries vote for it
• pros of the UN The United Nations was set up after World War Two to maintain world peace and prevent another world war from breaking out-ultimately this aim has been achieved. 
• cons of the UN It could be argued that the 5 permanent members of the United Nations are now outdated-France, Russia, China, UK and USA were the great powers in 1945 but are they now? 

  Also the 5 permanent members are heavily influenced by Europe where is the representation of other continents such as Africa and South America?

  With the 5 permanent having power of the the veto this often causes gridlock-where no new amendments are agreed, making the Security Council ineffective at dealing swiftly when there is an emergency.      
• NATO Military defence alliance 

  The organisation main aim is collective defence: If a member country is attacked, the other members come to its defence 
• the EU is an economic and political union between a number of European countries, who work closely together.

  The EU commission

  27 people who propose the EU laws and make sure the EU runs smoothly. 

  They also control how the money is spent.  

  They are not elected  

  Heads of government send someone from each country to be the EU commissioner.

  The EU Parliament

  A parliament that debates laws and how the EU should spend the money that goes in to the pot.  Each country has a set number of members of this parliament and they are elected by the citizens of their country. 
• European Council

  27 heads of state/government who meet to promote their countries interests.  

  Discuss big issues and how countries can work together. 
• The Council of Ministers

  27 ministers from each member state that meet to discuss specific issues. If they wanted to discuss an issue to do with the environment, the environmental minister from each country would attend the council.  

  They shape the laws and bring ideas and issues to the table to be resolved.
• The European Court of Justice

  A court that deals with cases linked to the EU laws that are passed. 

  This court has the power to override a countries law as EU law trumps national laws. – Another reason some people don’t like the EU.