Amines

• Amines

  • are compounds and functional groups that contain a lone pair of a basic nitrogen atom.
  • are formal derivatives of ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced with an alkyl or aryl group.
• Amide: Chemical

  • Ability to form Hydrogen Bonds - accounts for their great water solubility.
  • Gaseous Amine Chemicals - methyl, trimethyl, diethyl, and ethyl
• Amide: Chemical Properties

  • When amines and alkyl halides interact, higher-order amines are created.
  • The nitrogen atom functions as a nucleophile in the nucleophilic assault reaction that attacks the alkyl halide and acts as weak organic bases.
• Amides: Chemical Properties

  • Alkyl amide are liquid, while higher weight amines are solid.
• Amide: Physical Properties

  • Liquid amines have a fishy odor
  • gaseous amines have an ammonia-like odor.
• Amides: Physical Properties

  • These amines are easily transformed into salts by aqueous mineral acids.
  • When they interact with aqueous hydroxides, they become liberated from their salts.
  • As a result, hydroxide ions are less basic than amines and more basic than water.
• Amines also have a lone electron pair on their nitrogen atoms and can accept a proton from water to form substituted ammonium (NH4 +) ions and hydroxide (OH−) ions: Physical Properties
• Amines: Physical Properties

  • class of chemical compounds is significant.
  • Amine research is fascinating in a variety of ways.
  • In biology, amine chemistry is crucial. It is essential to all living things.
  • We shall examine the Amine structure and its physical characteristics in this section.
• Amine: Physical Properties

  • The lower aliphatic amines are gaseous in nature. They have a fishy smell.
  • Primary amines with three or four carbon atoms are liquids at room temperature whereas higher ones are solids.
• Amine: Physical Properties

  • Aniline and other arylamines are generally colourless. However, they get coloured when we store them in the open due to atmospheric oxidation.
  • Lower aliphatic amines can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Therefore, such amines are soluble in water.
• Amine: Physical Properties

  • Increase in the size of the hydrophobic alkyl part increases the molar mass of amines. This usually results in a decrease in its solubility in water.
  • Higher amines are insoluble in water. Organic solvents like alcohol, benzene and ether readily dissolve amines.
• Amine: Physical Property (Threats)

  • Alcohols have higher polarity as compared to amines and hence, they form stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
  • Primary and secondary amines are often engaged in intermolecular association as a result of hydrogen bonding between the nitrogen of one and hydrogen of the other molecule.
• Amines: Physical Properties

  • The intermolecular association is more prominent in case of primary amines as compared to secondary due to the availability of two hydrogen atoms.
  • In tertiary amines, there is no intermolecular association due to the absence of free hydrogen atoms for bonding.
  • The order of boiling point of amines is as follows: Primary > Secondary > Tertiary.
• amines: physical property (odor)

  • Depending on the number of carbon (C) atoms attached to the N atom, amines can have a distinctive fishy odor or a strong ammonia-like smell.
  • This odor is due to the presence of nitrogen, which has a unique electronic structure that makes it especially reactive.
  • When amines are exposed to air, they can quickly react with oxygen to produce aldehydes, which are often responsible for the pungent odors associated with amines.
• Amine: Pharmaceutical Importance

  • Amines are frequently used in morphine and Demerol which are popular painkillers.
  • Amines are also used as solvents for the antihistamine diphenhydramine which is used in Benadryl syrups.
  • Novocaine is one drug used as an anesthetic that is hugely dependent on amines.
  • Amines are important sources of amino acids that regulate the vitamin levels in our bodies.
  • Amines are useful stimulants for neurotransmitters like serotonin in our bodies.
• ERYTHROMYCIN

  Pharmacologic use: Macrolide antibiotics are natural compounds that belong to the

  polyketide class.

  • Antibiotic class consisting of erythromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin.
  • They can be used to treat respiratory, cutaneous, soft tissue, and sexually transmitted diseases, and H. Pertussis is caused by H. pylori and atypical mycobacterial infections.
  • The drugs of choice for treating legionnaires disease are macrolides and fluoroquinolones.
• PARACETAMOL

  • (N-Acetyl-4-aminophenol)

  Another name: Acetaminophen

  Pharmacologic use:

  • antipyretic (hypothalamus)
  • analgesic (inhibits prostaglandin synthesis)
• Chlorphenamine

  • commonly known as chlorpheniramine, is an antihistamine that is administered orally.
  • A first-generation antihistamine used to treat the symptoms of allergic disorders such as rhinitis and urticaria.