180-270

Cards (90)

  • bilateral transfer
    when the learning of one skill is passed across the body from limb to limb
  • transfer of learning
    the effect of learning and performance of skill on the learning and performance of another
  • what could a coach do to encourage positive transfer
    stop bad habits
    realism
    provide motivation
    make sure 1st task is well learned before making progress
    point out similarities and transfer possibilities
  • skill
    a learned ability to bring about pre-determined results with the minimum outlay of time, energy or both
  • learning
    a permanent change in behaviour as a result of practice
  • performance
    a temporary occurrence that can change from time to time because of many internal and external influences
  • whole method
    a practice strategy that involves practicing a skill in its entirety
  • when is whole practice used
    when the skill is:
    Highly organised
    continuous
    simple
    when the performer is autonomous/experienced
  • advantages of whole practice
    develops kinaesthesis
    Not time-consuming
    Fluency - feel of skill
    builds the motor programme
  • disadvantage of whole practice
    not for beginners (cognitive)
    beyond capabilities of the performer
    Too much info (overload causing fatigue)
  • examples of whole practice
    High jump
    golf swing
    javelin throw
  • whole-part-whole method
    involves performing the whole skill then breaking into parts, practising the weak parts then performing the whole skill again
  • when is whole-part-whole method used
    when skill is:
    Fast
    Discrete
    when a performer is either cognitive or autonomous (novice or experienced)
  • what are the advantages of whole-part-whole method
    motivates when successful
    reduces danger
    weak parts can be improved
  • what are the disadvantages of the whole-part-whole method
    time-consuming
    some skills cannot be broken down
  • examples of whole-part-whole method
    volley ball spike
  • progressive part method (chaining)
    also known as chaining method, parts of a skill are practised individually
  • when progressive part method used
    when skill is:
    Dangerous
    Serial
    Complex
    when a performer is cognitive
  • what are the advantages of progressive part method
    reduces danger
    reduces fatigue
    focus on weakness
  • what are the disadvantages of progressive part method
    time-consuming
    only suited to small groups
    cannot use with highly organised skill
  • examples of progressive part method
    triple jump
  • massed practice
    a practice that occurs without rest periods
  • when do you use massed practice
    when skill is:
    discrete
    closed
    simple
    when the performer is autonomous
  • what are the advantages of massed practice
    improves fitness
    builds a motor programme
    enhances overloading
  • what are the disadvantages of massed practice
    causes fatigue
    no time for feedback
    too demanding for performer
  • distributed practice
    a practice with rest periods and broken up into a number of short sessions
  • when do you use distributed practice
    when skill is:
    continuous
    complex
    externally paced
    when a performer is cognitive
  • what are the advantages of distributed practice
    reduces danger
    allows time for mental rehearsal
    a coach can give feedback
  • what are the disadvantages of distributed practice
    Time-consuming
    negative transfer
  • varied practice
    practising skills and drills in a constantly changing environment
  • when do you use varied practice
    when the skill is:
    open
    complex
    when the performer is cognitive
  • what are the advantages of varied practice
    improves motivation
    builds a schema
    positive transfer from training to game
  • what are the disadvantages of varied practice
    time-consuming
    possible negative transfer
    too demanding
  • mental practice
    cognitive rehearsal of physical skill
  • when do you use mental practice
    when skill is:
    complex
    serial
    when a performer is autonomous or cognitive
  • what are advantages of mental practice
    reduces anxiety
    improves reaction time
    can rehearse strategies and tactics
  • what are the disadvantages of mental practice
    doesn't prepare for all situations
    difficult if the environment is not quiet
    mental image must be accurate
  • cognitive stage

    the first stage of learning used by a novice
  • characteristics of cognitive stage
    lack of co-ordination
    limited movement
    the motor programme not developed
  • associative stage

    the second stage of learning as motor programmes are developed