CBT

• What does CBT stand for?

  Cognitive behaviour therapy
• What is CBT?

  Aims to identify and challenge incorrect and irrational beliefs directed towards the self, world and others. Involves making sense of their delusions/hallucinations and understanding of where the symptoms have come from.

  Focuses on replacing maladaptive behaviours with helpful ones Doesn’t remove symptoms, just allows one to cope better and ∴ reducing distress and improving ability to function
• Process of CBT

  Patients works jointly with therapist to challenge and test the reality of their negative benefits. They do this by completing homework where they collect evidence of their negative beliefs.

  Therapists then use this evidence to challenge the accuracy of the negative beliefs which in hand allows the patients to overcome them

  Conducted every 10-14 days.
• What is the ABC model?

  Ellis and Harper Involves slowly questioning a patients to clarity the links between the emotional distress the patient is experiencing and the beliefs they hold. Involves the following steps; A- Activating event, B- Beliefs, C- Consequences.
• Zimmerman et al - strength of CBT

  Performed meta-analysis of 14 CBT studies between 1990-2004 with 1500 participants & found CBT significantly reduced positive symptoms & was especially beneficial in short term acute schizophrenia episodes
• Tarrier et al - strength of CBT


  Investigated 87 patients with schizophrenia, some receiving antipsychotics and some receiving both antipsychotics and CBT. 83% completed the treatment 3 months after the treatment ended the CBT-group showed fewer symptoms than the antipsychotics group
• No side effects - strength of CBT

  Unlike drug therapy there are no side effects with CBT. It allows the patient to be more in control of their own treatment as they have to actively take part in the sessions and practice the techniques for homework. This could make the treatment empowering for the patient
• Rathod et al (2005) - limitation of CBT


  Found that non-Afro Caribbean therapists has less CBT success with Afro-Caribbeans than white patients. Empathy was harder to establish between the patients and the therapists
• Economic implication - limitation of CBT

  Time consuming and expensive. CBT take several months compared to drug therapy that only takes weeks, this can lead to patients disengaging from treatment as they don’t see immediate effects. More costly for the NHS ∴ more costly for the taxpayer