SS

• Ethos


  Arguing who you are and why that gives you the right to be listened to on this topic
• Logos


  Appealing to people's logic, using facts and statistics to argue your case
• Pathos


  Appealing to people's emotions
• The writer's goal is to make the audience aware of the things everyone will talk about, but also the nuanced, subtle ways the speaker (Chanda) crafts language
• Chanda is a writer, which is a key part of why the speech is beautifully written, as she is incredibly skilled
• Chanda is speaking from her experience as a Nigerian and as a creator of media content like TED talks and books
• Chanda is an insider to the topic she is talking about, unlike the predominantly white, Western audience
• The audience has a different schema and perspective than the writer, as they are well-represented in literature and not stereotyped in the news
• Chanda will need to argue and persuade the audience, as she is presenting an issue to them and trying to get them to understand and act on it
• The key areas Chanda's thoughts and feelings focus on are the power of literature, how limited diversity leads to stereotyping and prejudice, and the importance of diversity
• The title "The Danger of a Single Story"


  It is a metaphor for the lack of diversity in literature and media
• The word "danger" in the title foregrounds the problem Chanda is addressing and the emotional aspect of her speech
• Chanda opens by establishing her ethos as a storyteller, and uses personal anecdotes to connect with the audience
• Chanda's anecdotes about her childhood reading experiences illustrate how limited diversity in literature affected her personally
• Chanda uses the anecdotes to then logically argue the wider issue of how limited diversity leads to stereotyping and prejudice
• Chanda references African writers to show the power of representation in literature and how it changed her perception
• Chanda uses metaphors about literature stirring her imagination and opening up new worlds to appeal to logos, pathos, and ethos
• When analysing markets, a range of assumptions are made about the rationality of economic agents involved in the transactions
• The Wealth of Nations was written

  1776
• Rational


  (in classical economic theory) economic agents are able to consider the outcome of their choices and recognise the net benefits of each one
• Rational agents will select the choice which presents the highest benefits
• Consumers act rationally by


  Maximising their utility
• Producers act rationally by


  Selling goods/services in a way that maximises their profits
• Workers act rationally by


  Balancing welfare at work with consideration of both pay and benefits
• Governments act rationally by


  Placing the interests of the people they serve first in order to maximise their welfare
• Groups assumed to act rationally


  • Consumers
  • Producers
  • Workers
  • Governments
• Rationality in classical economic theory is a flawed assumption as people usually don't act rationally
• Marginal utility


  The additional utility (satisfaction) gained from the consumption of an additional product
• If you add up marginal utility for each unit you get total utility