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Unit 4: Protists and Fungi
Biology 30
4 cards
Unit 3: Genetics
Biology 30
23 cards
Unit 2: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Biology 30
30 cards
Unit 2: Cells and Microscopy
Biology 30
45 cards
Unit 1: Intro to Bio
Biology 30
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Cards (178)
In Aristotle's ancient naming system, animals were classified according to the presence/absence of what?
Red blood
What is
binomial nomenclature
?
Linnaeus' naming system, consisting of a
two-part
name listing the
genus
followed by the
species.
Linnaeus chose to use
Latin
because the language is
pervasive.
In what order are taxonomic categories listed?
Domain
,
kingdom
,
phylum
,
class
,
order
,
family
,
genus
,
species.
What is a
taxa
?
A
named
group of
organisms.
What is a
genus
?
A group of species that are
closely
related
and that share a
common
ancestor.
What is Aristotle and Linnaeus' definition of a species?
A distinctly different group of organisms based on
physical similarities.
What is phylogeny?
The evolutionary
history
of a species.
What is the definition of a species according to the concept of phylogeny?
A cluster of
organisms
that is
distinct
from other clusters of
organisms
, and that shows evidence of
ancestry.
What is the definition of a species according to modern science?
A group of
organisms
that is able to
interbreed
and produce
fertile
offspring in a natural setting.
What is the difference between morphological and biochemical characters?
Morphological characters are
physical
structures, and biochemical characters are
DNA sequencing.
Shared
morphological
characters suggest that a species is closely related and may have evolved from a
recent common ancestor.
What are
analogous
characters
?
Characters that have the
same
function but
different
construction.
What are
homologous characters
?
Characters that may perform
different
functions, but have the same
underlying
construction.
What are
biochemical
characters
?
Molecular traits
, such as amino acid and nucleotide sequencing.
What are
molecular clocks
?
A method of estimating the
timing
of evolutionary events by comparing DNA or
protein
sequences.
What is the rate of mutation affected by?
Populati
on in wh
ich the mutation occurs
Type
of mutation
Where
the mutation is in the
genome
Type of pr
otein that the mutation affects
Cladistics reconstruct
phylogenies
based on
shared
characters.
What is the difference between an ancestral character and a derived character?
An ancestral character is found within the
entire
descent
of organisms, a derived character is is found in
one
instance
of the organism.
What are the three domains?
Bacteria
,
Archaea
, and
Eukarya
What are the six kingdoms?
Bacteria
Archaea
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
What are eubacteria?
Prokaryotes
whose cell walls contain
peptidoglycan
What are thought to be the most ancient of all observed organisms?
Archaea
Archaea are thought to be most closely related to what?
Eukaryotes
Archaea are also called what?
Extremophiles
What are
protists
?
Eukaryotic
organisms that can be unicellular,
colonial
, or multicellular.
What are the three types of protists?
Plant-like
Animal-like
Fungus-like
What are the 5 types of fungi?
Common mold
Sac fungi
Club fungi
Imperfect fungi
Chytridiomycota
What's the main difference between archaea and bacteria?
Bactera contains
peptidoglycan
, archaea
does
not.
What is a
nucleoid?
A
circular
chromosome
found in a
prokaryotic
cell.
What is a
plasmid
?
A
circular
piece of
DNA
found in a
prokaryotic
cell.
What is a
capsule
?
A layer of
polysaccharides
around a
prokaryotic
cell.
What does a capsule do for a prokaryotic cell?
It prevents the cell from drying
out
and helps the cell
attach
to
surfaces.
What are pili?
Hair-like structures
structures found on the
outside
of a cell.
What do pili help a prokaryotic cell do?
The act as a
bridge
between cells, and they help the
cell attach
to things.
What are the three types of prokaryote?
Spherical
(or
cocci
)
Rod-shaped
(or
bacilli
)
Spiral-shaped
(or
spirilli
)
When a gram stain is applied,
purple
indicates
gram
positive
bacteria, and
pink
indicates
gram
negative
bacteria.
What is the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria?
Gram
positive
bacteria has more peptidoglycan, gram
negative
has less peptidoglycan.
Why do scientists need to determine the gram of a bacteria?
So they can prescribe the most effective
antibiotics.
What is
binary
fission
?
The
division
of a cell into two
genetically identical
cells.
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