Respiratory system

• External respiration


  Breathing, involves inhalation and exhalation
• Internal respiration


  Gas exchange between the blood and body cells
• Physiological respiration


  The exchange of gases by diffusion along their concentration gradient
• Gas exchange conditions


  Gases must be dissolved in water to diffus across a membrane
• What type of blood vessels surround alveoli?

  Capillaries
• What’s the difference between the right and left lung? why does it exist?

  Asymmetry. To accommodate the heart.
• What determines someone’s blood type?

  blood type is determined by the absence or presence o specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells
• Why is knowing someone’s blood type important?

  Mixing incompatible blood types will lead to agglutination and health complications
• How does the structure of alveoli maximize gas exchange?

  large surface area, thin walls, and dense capillary network, allowing efficient diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
• How does air enter and leave the lung?

  Inhalation and exhalation.
• What muscles are involved in inhalation and exhalation?

  Diaphragm, intercostal muscles
• Small hair-like structures which trap particles in the air before they get into the lungs.

  Cilia
• Structure which contains the vocal cords.

  Larynx
• Fluid-filled membrane that surrounds the outer surface of the lungs.

  pleural membrane
• Tissue which covers the trachea when you swallow to avoid inhaling food.

  epiglottis
• Glycoprotein found on cells membranes that can be recognized by the body.


  Antigens
• Gas transported by hemoglobin to the body's cells.

  oxygen
• Substance which helps to maintain a humid environment in the lungs.

  mucus
• The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

  diffusion
• Part of the body that makes blood cells.

  bone marrow
• Part of the body that moves the rib cage to help with breathing.

  intercostal muscles
• Waste gas from cellular respiration that gets exhaled.


  carbon dioxide
• The part of the lung is also known as the windpipe.


  trachea
• Tissue which connects the mouth and nasal cavity to the trachea.

  pharynx
• Small proteins present in the blood serum which recognize foreign invaders.

  antibodies
• The part of the brain which controls breathing and heart rate.

  brainstem
• What are the 4 principal components of blood?


  Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma
• Role of red blood cells?

  Oxygen transport to tissue cells so they can do cellular respiration
• Role of plasma?


  Transporting nutrients, hormones, and proteins throughout the body.
• Role of platelet?


  blood clotting, being a plug in a cut to avoid excess blood loss
• Role of white blood cells?

  Immune defense
• Type A blood has which antigens

  A
• Type B blood has which antigens

  B
• Type AB blood has which antigens

  A and B
• Type O blood has which antigens


  none
• which antibodies does type A blood have

  Anti-B
• which antibodies does type B blood have

  Anti-A
• which antibodies does type AB blood have

  none
• which antibodies does type O blood have

  Anti-A and Anti-B
• Who can type A blood receive from

  A and O