Sem 1 exam

• Memory defn:

  the process of encoding, storing and retrieving information
• what is the new component given to baddeley and hitches model?

  episodic buffer
• compare sensory and long-term memory stores:

  -both have theoretically unlimited capacity

  -sensory memory has a duration of 0.5 to 3 seconds whereas long term memory is (theoretically forever)
• state a limitation of the Atkinson and shiffron model:

  • a limitation is that its too simplistic when it comes to short term memory / depicts a single store with minimal processing
• state the four processes of observational learning:

  • attention
  • retention
  • reproduction
  • motivation
• observational learning attention: individuals need to be focused on the modeled behaviour
• observational learning retention: individuals make a mental representation of the behaviour and retain it
• observational learning reproduction: the mental representation is turned into an action that the individual is capable of processing
• observational learning motivation: the individual needs to be motivated to reproduce the behaviour
• describe vicarious reinforcement:

  individuals are more likely to engage in a particular behaviour if they have observed another person receive positive reinforcement for it, eg bruno has seen his siblings awarded for washing dishes
• Outline a contribution of Craig and talkings research:

  they confirmed that deeper levels of processing leads to better recall
• define classical conditioning:

  an association is extablished between an initially neutral stimulus and one that elicits a reflexive response
• explain the role of the hippocampus in the formation of memories:

  the hippocampus is responsible for the formation of episodic memories which are personally experienced events associated with a particular time and place
• Henry molasion:

  had his hippocampus removed surgically as part of a treatment for epilepsy. after the surgery we was no longer able to form episodic memories
• Sensation: is a physiological / physical process
• perception: is a psychological process
• six stage process of perception:

  • reception
  • transduction
  • transmission
  • selection
  • organisation
  • interpretation
• selective attention: selective attention involves focusing one one stimulus and blocking out all other stimuli
• divided attention: divided attention involves focusing on two or more stimuli at the same time.
• recall - accessing information from long-term memory
• recognition - identifying the correct information from a number of alternatives
• re-learning - when learning something a second time, it takes less time.
• maintenance rehearsal: repeating the information over and over again so it can be retained in STM
• Elaborative rehearsal: the process of rehearsing information in a way that makes it more meaningful
• Craik and lochart: levels of processing theory
• Craik and tulving: levels of processing study