Acids and Bases

• Acids are substances that donates H+ ions to water.
• Alkali is a soluble base.
• A base is a substance that accepts H+ ions from water (forms OH- ions).
• Concentration is the measure of the amount of dissolved solute in a given volume of solvent measure in g/L.
• Red Litmus paper is an indicator that turns blue in a basic solution and stays red in an acidic solution.
• Blue litmus paper is an indicator that turns red in an acidic solution and stays blue in a basic solution.
• Universal indicator is an indicator that gives an indication of the pH of a solution using colours.
• 0 = much higher concentration of H+ ions and low concentration of OH- ions.
• 7 = same concentrations of H+ and OH- ions.
• 14 = much higher concentration of OH- ions and low concentration of H+ ions.
• BASE: Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate 


  NaHCO3
• BASE: Calcium Carbonate 


  CaCO3
• BASE: Sodium Hydroxide 


  NaOH
• Hydrochloric Acid 


  HCl
• Sulfuric Acid 


  H2SO4
• Nitric Acid 


  HNO3
• Ethanoic Acid 


  CH3COOH
• 0 - 2 = Red
• 3 - 4 Orange
• 5 - 6 Yellow
• 7 Green
• Acids are sour and corrosive
• Bases are bitter and caustic
• pH represents the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
• Very acidic, Slightly acidic, neutral, slightly basic, very basic
• BASE: Ammonia 


  NH3
• 8-9 blue
• 10 - 12 Dark Blue
• 13 - 14 purple
• pH of 0-2: [H+] >>> [OH-]
• pH 3-4: >>
• pH 5-6: >
• 8-9: >
• pH 10-12: >>
• pH 13-14: >>>
• Bases they dissolve in water are called alkali and produce OH ions