history - Henry VIII

• Pontefract Castle


  This fortification was readily surrendered to the rebels by its commander on 21 October 1536.
• Praemunire


  a writ charging the offense of resorting to a foreign court or authority, as that of the pope, and thus calling in question the supremacy of the English crown.
• Earl of Suffolk


  was executed for treason in 1513, by Henry VIII
• Duke of Buckingham


  Henry VIII saw him muttering about how he may have more of a right to the throne, Henry executed him for treason.
• Leisure activities


  he used the nobility to play sports and hunting tournaments with the nobility.
• Richard Fox


  was still Lord Privy Seal - in charge of royal seal.
• Empson and Dudley


  were arrested and executed, due to treason - scape goats gor Henry VII's finace policy.
• chief minister


  Henry VIII relied on these for his government affairs - rather than using micromanagement.
• William Warham


  he was the archbishop of Canterbury and was Lord Chancellor - oversaw 'writs', documents sent around the country.
• Thomas Lovell


  helped to arrest Empson and Dudley, while retaining his title of Chancellor of the Exchequer.
• JPs (Justices of the Peace)


  Henry VIII continues to use them as well as the nobility.
• Financial change


  he used £300,000 inheritance on a war with France.

  bonds and recognisances were cancelled- in order to get the nobility on side.
• Foreign marriages


  Catherine of Aragon marriage- improving Spanish relations

  Princess Mary married King Louis I of France.
• Treaties


  Saint Germaine-en-Laye - partly the marriage, another French pension (renewed) and the control of two French provinces (Tournai and Thérouanne).
• War with France


  Henry VIII idolised Henry V and his victory at Agin Court. Henry VIII wanted to be the perfect warrior King.
• War with Scotland


  Henry VIII also declared war on Scotland (auld alliance) defeating the Scots at the battle of Folden, killing James IV and leaving a baby, James V, as heir for crown.
• Holy League (1511)


  Henry VIII joins this against the French.
• praemunire


  the clergy was charged with this in a direct attack on the Catholic Church.
• First Act of Annates


  passed in 1532, banned the payment of annates to Rome.
• Act in Restraint of Appeals

  passed in 1533, this began the transfer of papal powers to the King.
• Second Act of Annates

  passed in 1534, it stated that abbotts and bishops could only be appointed by the King, not the Pope.
• Act of Stop Peter's Pence

  passed in 1534, qthis abolished the payment of taxation to Rome.
• Act of Submission of the Clergy

  passed in 1534, meant that appeals were now handled by the King's court.
• First Act of Succession

  passed in 1534, registered Henry's marriage to Catherine as invalid.
• Richard Hunne


  he refused to pay the Church fees for his baby's burial in 1515, he was murdered exposing anti-clericalism in Parliament.
• second use of parliament

  in 1523, parliament needed to agree to greater taxation
• Wolsey's fall


  it begun in 1525, when he granted the fund for the war with France, which resulted in rebellion, causing Henry to pull out of the war.

  He couldn't resolve the marriage issue, believe the Pope over Henry VIII.
• The Boleyn faction


  they orchestrated Wolsey's demise because he would not or could not obtain a divorce.
• Great Matter'


  Henry VIII's attempt to get a divorce from Rome.
• Act of First Fruits and Tenths


  this said clerical taxes went to the King, not the Pope.
• Act of the Advancement of True Religion

  this restriested access of the English bible to the upper-class.
• Anne Askew


  she was a writer who condemned Henry VIII as being a heretic. She was burned alive for denying transubstantiation.
• Transubstantiation


  Catholic belief that the bread and wine actually become the body and blood of Christ.
• Anne Boleyn


  Henry VIII's second wife, she was friends with religious reformer such as humanists, she was eventually executed.
• Bishop Fisher of Rochester

  he believed in papal supremacy and was committed to Henry's marriage with Catherine. He was made cardinal shortly before he was executed. He was influential due to him not being corrupt.
• Break with Rome


  this is where England no longer communicated and recognised the Pope as leader of the church, causing the English reformation.
• Cardinal Campeggio


  he was a judge, sent to hear the King's great matter, with Wolsey (so he was a papal legate). He couldn't make a decision so he referred the case back to the Pope.
• Carthusian and Franciscan monks


  they refused to accept the divorce, wanting papal supremacy also. The monks were gathered up and crushed between two sheets of lead, turning them into martyrs.
• martyr


  A person who is killed because of their religious or other beliefs
• Catherine Howard


  the fifth wife of Henry VIII who was executed for adultery. She was also Anne Boleyn's cousin.